There is a movement brewing in the United States Free Essays

There is a development blending in the United States to make English the official language of the nation, however the entire thought appears to be silly. All things considered, the English and other people who speak Her Majesty’s tongue would be the first to clarify that what Americans talk isn't English. Best case scenario, the official language ought to be American. We will compose a custom paper test on There is a development blending in the United States or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now  But the discussion proceeds with notwithstanding. That is the reason we should do whatever is important to keep English from being announced the official language of the United States. The discussion fixates on the idea that a country needs an official language to be homogenous and that announcing an official language will imply that the legislature no longer needs to print reports in twelve distinct dialects. Those for the proposition contend that it will likewise mean we no longer need to push one for English. Defenders guarantee it will spare millions and that it will prompt the sum of the nation shaping a solitary character. Rivals to the proposition contend that we have worked for a long time without an official dialects and that there is essentially no motivation to begin with one at this point. They contend that the idea of an official language is bigot and assaults the non-Anglo residents of the nation. An official language is superfluous and ought not be sanctioned. There is literally nothing to be picked up by pronouncing English the official language of the United States. Additionally, the time has come to recognize that the greater part of the nations of the world don't have one authority language, they have different. Picking English as the official language of the United States empowers the xenophobic an.d elitist disposition that Americans have for some time been blamed for around the world. Americans need to get familiar with extra dialects, not power others to learn theirs.â The idea that Americans are so egotistical as to accept that every other person ought to need to get familiar with their language is offending to non-Anglo residents and the remainder of the world also. Another explanation that proclaiming English the official language of the Untied States is essentially off-base is that a noteworthy segment of the American people doesn't communicate in English or at any rate doesn't talk it well. Ongoing appraisals are that soon the Hispanic populace in the United States will make up as much as 25 percent of the all out populace. A large portion of the settlers don't communicate in English as their first language thus at that point expecting them to possibly communicate in English when managing official government records or calling to lead any kind of business, is annoying and bigot. What's more, in different nations where most of the people communicates in numerous dialects, the nation has more than one authority language.â If the proposition were to make English and Spanish the official dialects of the nation, it would bode well. At long last, the absolute best contention against making English the official language of the United States is that it is totally opposing to the whole history of the country. American history depends on the idea that America is as a mixture, yet that blend was never expected to make every one of us the same.â We should praise our disparities and commend the wide range of societies that make up our nation, do whatever it takes not to crush them all into the equivalent indistinguishable little box. The idea that a nation made up altogether of settlers could then attempt to conclude that the language of one gathering of foreigners was a higher priority than the language of different workers is totally conflicting to the establishing standards of the nation. It refutes the very hypothesis of opportunity of decision and opportunity to seek after life, freedom and bliss. Advocates of English as the official language state that while a few nations worldwide have two authority dialects, at the present time the United States has none. The absence of an official language implies that administration archives must be introduced in a wide range of dialects, adding to the expense of working together. Moreover, may nations around the globe are adding English to their rundown of legitimate dialects since English is the language of business around the globe. In the event that any language approaches be the language of the world, it is English. Maybe on account of the degree of the British Empire and potentially as a result of the monetary intensity of English-communicating in dialects, most business exchanges the world over are directed in English. Along these lines, it bodes well that America would make English its official language. Just in light of the fact that a bit of the masses has not set aside the effort to get familiar with the language of trade, doesn't imply that they ought to be blamed so as to shield the remainder of the nation from gaining ground. The truth is that the greater part of the country’s business is now led in English and the reason that individuals have not yet taken in the language is anything but a legitimate contention for abstaining from having an official language. At long last, truly, America has consistently been the blend and the place where there is new chances at life where individuals can carry their way of life and offer it with others. Be that as it may, over the ages, those foreigners have consistently embraced the language of the land and the rules that everyone must follow during the time spent acclimatizing into their new nation. To state that since we are a country of workers we can't have a uniform language is to placed our individual societies over our aggregate culture. It is the ideal opportunity for our way of life to survive and make an American character. The choice to name an official language stays pointless when it constrains some piece of the American people to feel that the it is an individual insult. While it might be the ideal opportunity for the nation to build up a national character, it ought not need to be done to the detriment of different individuals from the general public. To put it plainly, American should even now be the place where there is fresh new chances and the individuals who don't communicate in English as their essential language ought not be victimized basically on the grounds that they have not yet taken in the language of trade. Furthermore, actually any individual who has spoken broadly with individuals who talk the Queen’s English realizes that Americans don't talk a similar English as the rest of the world. American and English really are connected dialects, however not the equivalent. It is totally real to recognize English as the language of business and trade, yet there is no abrogating motivation to make it the official language of the country. What's more, the primary motivation behind why it is superfluous is that basically, we’ve managed without it for a long time. Why change things that work? The most effective method to refer to There is a development preparing in the United States, Essay models

Process Design and Economics Apple Inc.

Question: You are an Operations Manager for one of the organizations or associations recorded beneath, Apple Halliburton BBC LIDL NHS You are at present checking on the item portfolio so as to present another or alter a current item/administration. Task Structure or change an item or administration for your picked association. You are to provide details regarding the accompanying: A prologue to the item or administration Detail of the significance of procedure structure on the item or administration The general point and destinations of the item/administration utilizing process plan Phases of item/administration to represent your structure idea Investigation of the effect of execution targets on the plan Your report ought to incorporate applicable scholarly models to help your examination. Answer: Presentation This report is concentrating on the strategic and activity the executives of Apple, Inc. This report is stressing the significance of the procedure structure on the items. The picked item for this report is iPhone 6S Gold, which recently presented by Apple in worldwide market (Apple 2016). The point of this report is to examine the effect of procedure structure on the item execution. In addition, this report is focusing on altering the procedure plan for the item. So as to adjust the procedure structure of the item, this report will investigate the present issues of iPhone 6S Gold in connection with process plan. Procedure configuration alludes to the deliberate procedure wherein an association acquaints inventive items or administration with the market (Galindo and Batta 2013). This procedure is differentiated in two isolated viewpoints, which are connected with one another. One is item plan and another procedure is delivering the item according to risking needs and prerequisites of the focused on purchasers. Item subtleties Apple iPhone S6 Gold is a recently propelled cell phone of Apple, which is preloaded with iOS 9 and upgradable to iOS 9.2.1. Aside from that, this gadget is utilizing Apple A9 chip set and Dual-center 1.84 GHz twister processor. The screen measurement of this gadget is 138.3*67.1 mm, which is the latest in cell phone industry. This gadget bolsters a Nano SIM card of CDMA/GSM/EVDO/HSPA/LTE innovation. The screen size of this gadget is 4.7 crawls with 750*1334 pixels goals. The camera highlights of this gadget underpins full HD video recording. The essential camera is 12 MP, which underpins 4K video recording. Aside from that, the item is comprising of 5 MP of optional camera. So as to improve the battery execution of this gadget, Apple has given a Li-Po battery with 1715 mAh, which permits the clients to get a 240 hours backup battery life in third era arrange. Besides, this gadget is having numerous other included highlights, for example, commotion decrease, central length modificati on and some more. Likewise, this item is offering a high security to the clients, which is guaranteeing that the documents put away to the gadget are protected and secure from outer dangers, for example, hacking. In addition, Apple is giving 10 GB of distributed storage, which is valuable for the clients. There are two variety of capacity, one is accompanying 64 GB of inward stockpiling and another is accompanying 128 GB of capacity (Apple 2016). Significance of procedure structure In this serious period, the significant point of the associations is to make an incentive among the focused on buyers. In this manner, organizations are attempting to impact buyers contact point with respect to how the item should looks or feels like (Dekker, Bloemhof and Mallidis 2012). The necessities and request of the buyers is changing quickly in this time and along these lines, customers are looking for new creations as opposed to the customary items or administrations. If there should be an occurrence of an item makes, particularly in the event of cell phone fabricates, it is exceptionally critical to embrace development for pulling in buyers (Gunasekaran and Ngai 2012). Along these lines, the procedure configuration is the most significant factor for following a precise method of item structure. The procedure configuration is having a few phases, for example, idea age, screening of the idea, fundamental phase of plan, improvement of the structure and last plan (Towler and Sinnott 2012). Presently, these means are having diverse significance, which needs to follow for effective creation. For a model, an association ought to have the patent the idea for staying away from danger of advancement robbery. So as to create a viable idea for the item, it is exceptionally significant for the organization to explore shoppers needs and request (Davis et al. 2015). In this way, it tends to be said that a successful procedure configuration helps an association in increasing upper hands. The second period of procedure configuration is gracefully chain the board, which is exceptionally significant for keeping up item accessibility among the focused on showcase (Hessel et al. 2012). In the wake of presenting the item, the organization needs to mindful the shoppers with respect to how the purchasers will have the option to benefit the item. In this procedure, a viable format of flexibly chain is required, which is a significant piece of the procedure plan. Point and target of the item utilizing process plan The significant point of Apple iPhone S6 Gold is to use the procedure structure for procuring high piece of the overall industry. Aside from that, Apple is planning to increment authoritative gainfulness during the development phase of the item. Apple has secured the development with the assistance of lawful method, which is adequately helping the organization in keeping up business supportability in serious market (Leane et al. 2013). Aside from that, utilizing a compelling procedure plan, the organization will have the option to present the most imaginative item among the focused on advertise, which will make the customers progressively faithful for the organization. Following are the goals of Apple, which can be satisfied with the assistance of a successful procedure structure. To assemble the new idea according to shoppers necessities To make the essential plan and further improvement for assembling the item To advance the item among the focused on advertise To build up a compelling flexibly chain the board procedure for increment item accessibility Phase of item to represent process plan The organization has presented Apple iPhone S6 Gold in 2015, September nineteenth. From that point forward, this item is drawing in the customers by its imaginative highlights and appealing fabricated. Also, this item is exquisite in looks, which is the significant purpose behind what the shoppers have acknowledged this item as the best among the market (Stoller et al. 2013). The essential stage after the item discharge is known as the basic stage. In this stage, Apple has directed advancement for expanding item mindfulness among the focused on showcase. So as to build the mindfulness among the focused on showcase, the organization has embraced successful notice and special systems heading towards the development stage. The organization has accomplished the development stage inside two months in the wake of propelling the item. During this stage, Apple has encountered high deals for this item (Kralisch et al. 2013). From there on, the item is on the development stage in which the ite m is neglecting to draw in shoppers towards the items. The explanation for being developed in such a brief period is seriousness of the market. Adversary associations are more than once presenting new advances for pulling in customers and thusly, shoppers are focusing on different brands, which is contrarily influencing hierarchical benefit of Apple Inc (Estrada et al. 2012). Right now, Apple iPhone S6 Gold is on the development stage and the organization is rebuilding their item structure for coming back to the starting stage. The exercises for driving the item towards early on stage once more, Apple needs to join new innovation to the item before the item goes to the decay stage. Figure 1: Product Life pattern of iPhone S6 Gold (Source: Created by the creator) The previously mentioned item life pattern of Apple iPhone S6 Gold is demonstrating that this item needs improvement in item structure for pulling in customers intrigue. Hence, window ornament region of this item needs improvement in prompt premise (Zhang et al. 2014). So as to draw in buyers in worldwide market, the item needs some additional highlights and variety too. For instance, another form of this devise should be presented for drawing in new buyers. Aside from that, enthusiasm of existing buyers can likewise be expanded by following this specific technique (Schoenecker et al. 2013). Following is the item structure for driving the item towards early on phase of item life cycle. Camera highlights: Currently, this item is having a 8 MP of essential camera with double LED streak, which is guaranteeing high caliber of pictures in low light too. In any case, this item isn't having that acceptable optional camera (Sharifzadeh 2013). The significant shortcoming of this item is the auxiliary camera isn't having streak. In this manner, the item configuration will fuse a glimmering innovation for optional camera. Aside from that, the new form of Apple S6 Gold will comprise of high caliber of 21 MP of essential camera and 15 MP of auxiliary camera. Alongside that, the client of this gadget will have the option to alter the central length and gap of the camera while taking pictures through this gadget (Grbl, Walter and Haider 2012). Work of the item: The present rendition of Apple iPhone S6 is having a smooth fabricated. The element of the item is 138.1*67*6.9 mm. The recently propelled result of this gadget will be increasingly alluring regarding fabricated and hence, it will draw in more buyers (Ouattara et al. 2012). The screen size of the present gadget is 4.7 inches and the coming form of this gadget will comprising of 5 crawls of show. The bigger presentation will influence the battery life of this gadget and along these lines, Apple will consider the battery limit with respect to the new gadget. P

A Minimalists Thoughts On Money

A Minimalists Thoughts On Money I don’t think about money the way I used to. I used to think money was more important than just about everything else in life. So I sacrificed to make money, and then I sacrificed more to make more, and then I sacrificed even more to make even more, working too many hours, forsaking my health, forsaking the people closest to me, forsaking everything important in pursuit of the almighty dollar. The more things I forsook, the more important the money became. Something was missing. “I’m dizzy from the shopping mall I searched for joy, but I bought it all It doesn’t help the hunger pains and a thirst I’d have to drown first to ever satiate” â€"John Mayer I made good moneyâ€"nay, great moneyâ€"during my days in the corporate arena, but the problem was I spent even better money. And that was a serious source of dissatisfaction in my life, one that would haunt me for most of my twenties. When I was nineteen, I worked six or seven days a week, and I earned more than $50,000 a year, which for a degree-less poor kid from Dayton, Ohio, that’s a lot of moneyâ€"more money than my mother ever earned. The problem was that when I was earning 50 grand, I was spending 65; and then when I was earning 65, I was spending 80. Eventually, I’d worked my way up the corporate ladder, working 362 days a year (literally), and I was earning a six-figure salary. That sounds great, but I was still spending more than I was bringing home, and that equation never balances. So instead of bringing home a great salary, I brought home debt, anxiety, and overwhelming amounts of discontent. My love and hatred of money (love of spending it, hatred of never having enough) was, in fact, my largest source of discontent. Call me stupid. Go ahead, you should. I was stupid. I wasn’t stupid just because I was wasting my income, thoughâ€"I was far more stupid because of the value I gave to money. I told myself I was a number, there was a dollar sign on my head, I could be bought. I told others they could take my time and my freedom in exchange for green pieces of paper with dead slave owners’ faces printed on them. That changed when I stopped giving such importance to money. I need money to pay rent, to put food on the table, to put gas in the car, to pay for health insuranceâ€"but I needn’t struggle to earn money to buy crap I don’t need. Minimalism has allowed me to get rid of life’s excess so I can focus on what’s essential. And now, at 31, I make less money than my ignorant nineteen-year-old self, and yet I’m not in debt, I’m not struggling, and most important, I’m happy. Now, before I spend money, I ask myself one question: Is this worth my freedom? Is this coffee worth $2 of my freedom? Is this shirt worth $30 of my freedom? Is this car worth $20,000 of my freedom? In other words, am I going to get more value from the thing I’m about to purchase, or am I going to get more value from my freedom? Don’t you think it’s a question worth asking yourself? These days I know every dollar I spend adds immense value to my life. There is a roof over my head at night, the books or the music I purchase bring me joy, the few clothes I own keep me warm, the experiences I share with others at a movie or a concert add value to my life and theirs, and a cup of tea with my best friend becomes far more significant than a trip to the mall ever could. I no longer waste my money, and thus it’s far less important to pursue it endlessly. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

Organizational Behavior, Terms, and Concepts - 997 Words

Organizational Behavior, Terms, and Concepts Nemo MGT307 October 25, 2011 R.R. Organizational Behavior, Terms, and Concepts For a business to be successful there must be a well-built foundation amongst its human resources. These workers must be kept content. In turn, they work hard and increase productivity. Organizational behavior is a way to observe the employees, while Organizational culture aids in bringing the people of the firm together. This is done by letting the people of the organization build a system of shared ideas, views, actions, and beliefs (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, Chapter 1 16, 2008). Additionally, having a diverse group of talent, helps in breaking down any cultural barriers, which may†¦show more content†¦In both places of business, each meeting has a question and answers option. At the proper moment, employees are given the chance to voice concerns or ask questions. Conferences are held at least once a year for District Managers of Charlotte Russe. This conference normally takes place before schools start their next year. This is a large conference due to t he â€Å"tax free† weekend, and is a great opportunity to introduce new product. Therefore, a lot of information is communicated on how to set up merchandise and advertise sales. Also, the conference gives District Managers the chance to share accomplishments their teams have achieved, as well as, chances to improve. Non-verbal forms of communication may incorporate hand outs, newsletter via the company’s intranet portal, or E-mails. At Starbucks, EMA, and Charlotte Russe, members of staff may be given updates about the company through the use of a company portal. This portal is set up specifically for the business and its employees. Many times changes in operation, new products, and information on upcoming sales can be found here. E-mails are another form of non-verbal communication that is often used to inform workers of change or improvements that may occur in the future. Some companies make it mandatory to create an E-mail account through the company, like E MA. Others, like Charlotte Russe, only allow access from within theShow MoreRelated Organizational Behavior Terms and Concepts Essays1184 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terms and Concepts Summary Organizational behavior is a key concept which managers need to fully understand to have a successful department and organization. Along with the having a good repose with employees; managers need to have an understanding of the environment and goals of the organization he or she works in. Since companies are now growing into a more global organization, the need for proper communication is necessary for managers in order for the organizationRead MoreOrganizational Culture Within A Hospital Setting1693 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding Organizational Culture as it relates to corporate business. Peters and Waterman (1982) book, In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best Run Companies, became the blueprint for organizational success. With the paradigm shift of hospitals becoming more â€Å"business- like† through mergers, acquisition, and pay for performance, organizational culture in a hospital setting will need to be furthered analyzed and defined as a pre dicator of success. Purpose of the Concept Analysis Concept analysisRead MoreEssay on Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts1024 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The behavior of employees within any organization is paramount to the success or failure of that organization. The study of organizational behavior is a science with its own vocabulary and terminology. This essay will describe some of the more common key concepts and terminology and relate those to the modern United States Navy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"An organization is, simply, a body of people organized for some specific purpose† (communication, 2005)Read MoreThe Relevance Of Organizational Behavior1202 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction In basic terms, organizational behavior concerns itself with the behavior of individuals in the organizational setting. This text concerns itself with the study of organizational behavior. In so doing, this paper will amongst other things address not only the various concepts associated with organizational behavior but also the relevance of studying the same as an academic discipline. Organizational Behavior: A Concise Definition In seeking to define organizational behavior, we must firstRead MoreThe Business Management Academic Discipline1216 Words   |  5 Pagesteaching case will be focused within the business management academic discipline. Teaching Topic Area The teaching case will be concentrated in the area of organizational behavior and will examine the employee interactions with the company’s business environment. It will address the organizational change component within the organizational development (OD). More specifically, it will evaluate this construct from the context of a proactive component. Class / Target Audience The teaching case willRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines organizational behavior. Organizational behavior can help organizations expand, communicate, learn, and develop for better performance in the competitive, vibrant, and ever changing economy we all live in. It is important for organizations to learn the different behaviors, cultures, diversity, communications, effectiveness, and the learning styles that make up the organization and its environment. This paper will define and explain the terminology and concepts of organization behavior throughRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreOrganizational behavior1577 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Introduction Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affectingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper850 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper The following essay will be described the organizational behavior terminology and concepts applied in the organization. The following topics will be presented: Organization culture as internal and external environment of control. Diversity as of individual differences based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, disabilities, and sexual orientation. As the last subject communication as the human skill that helps the organization to work well withRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concept779 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concept When small business owners start the concept of what type of business one would like to own, an array of critical thinking starts and a business owner has to consider questions that will make or break his or her success. Owners, who pay attention to the current rise and fall of stock for his or her chosen business, will have the upper hand against competitors. An owner who knows his or her competitors is a small part in the grand scheme of owning an

The Great Expectations By Charles Dickens - 2107 Words

Grace Evans Ms. Weichert Honors English 20 February 2017 Morals â€Å"I wonder why he didn’t marry her and get all the property† (174). In the book, Great Expectations, author Charles Dickens explores the idea that money and status make people happier, or does it? Society has created a myth that money buys happiness. Rich equals contentment, and poor equals melancholy. People have been led to believe that success is measured by the size of their bank accounts. During the Victorian time period, society changed how status was measured. Before, one’s social class was determined by family and heritage. The Victorian Era introduced the ability to earn income to move up in society. Charles Dickens created the novel, Great Expectations to show that†¦show more content†¦Miss Havisham’s negative opinions of men, unfortunately corrupts Estella’s idea of true love. This proves Miss Havisham’s moral compass is skewed. She lost her sense of right and wrong and continues to make poor choices leading to her un happiness. Pip, the narrator of the story, becomes the victim of Miss Havisham’s revenge. She demands Pip to love Estella saying, â€Å"Love her, love her, love her! If she favors you, love her. If she wounds you, love her. If she tears your heart to pieces – and as it gets older and stronger it will tear deeper – love her, love her, love her!† (231). Miss Havisham lures Pip into loving Estella. Her immoral character shines through as she attempts to hurt Pip by having him love someone who will never understand true love. Miss Havisham is rich and wants for nothing but becomes a selfish, bitter person because the love of her life broke her heart. Despite Miss Havisham being wealthy, readers understand it could not stop her from becoming an immoral person. In contrast to Miss Havisham, Dickens uses Abel Magwitch to show that economic hardship does not always influence a person’s happiness or how one treats others. Magwitch grew up going in and out of prison because he was desperate and had to steal turnips to survive. Eventually, Magwitch escapes from prison and meets young Pip. Magwitch threatens to hurt Pip if he does not help him. Pip manages find Magwitch a food and file but did notShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardshi ps provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1344 Words   |  6 Pagessomething that is not what they truly need? Often, they use social class to fill a void in their lives that can not be filled by materialistic possessions. Many people realize this, but it is often too late. Charles Dickens demonstrates the effects of social climbing in his novel, Great Expectations. This novel explores the connections and effects of human nature and society, which are the two most powerful forces that guide people’s decisions. Some may say that social climbing is good, but as will beRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the great

How convincingly the book creates a sense of social environment in which subject grew up Free Essays

Frank McCourt has used the main themes of his autobiography Angela’s Ashes convincingly to create a sense of social environment he grew up in. Main themes include poverty, pauperized living conditions, poor sanitation and power of the Catholic Church. Alongside the main themes, McCourt uses symbols, memories, vivid descriptions, outside and narrative comments and events relating to the main themes. We will write a custom essay sample on How convincingly the book creates a sense of social environment in which subject grew up? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poverty is the leading cause of pauperized living condition as well as poor sanitation, these lead to the social environment Frank spent his childhood growing up in. The living conditions in the slums of Limerick itself details Franks environment. The McCourt family leaves New York for a new start in Ireland and settle in Limerick during the depression. The Deprsssion symbolize hardship for many. Alcohol is a major concern that affects the McCourt’s. Malachy’s alcohol problem makes his family suffer. Any chance of the basic needs of survival is dependent on Malachy’s wages. â€Å"Are you coming home so that we can have a bit of supper or will it be midnight with no money in your pocket and you singing Kevin Barry and the rest of that sad songs†. Angela is asking Malachy if the kids will be fed tonight or will they starve. The fact Malachy drinks way the money convinces us the family have no other means of survival and healthy state of living. Without money we sense and imagine the state they live in. â€Å"Out in the Atlantic Ocean great sheets of rain gathered to drift slowly up the River Shannon and settle forever in Limerick. The rain dampened the city from the feast and the Circumcicin to New Year’s Eve. It created a cacophony of hacking coughs, bronchial rattles, asthmatic wheezes, consumptive croaks. It turned roses into fountains, lungs into bacterial sponges†. Franks description of Limericks sums up the environment. Miserable weather creating misery and diseases taking lives of many. McCourt’s description gives us a visual images that somehow convinces us how miserable the conditions are. Franks gets a job delivering newspaper. One day there is an emergency and mayhem erupts. McCaffey and Frank and another boy Eamon are to rip out page 16 of the John O’ London’s Weekly. Ever single issue in the city no matter what people say. Here the boys are hysterically running around town ripping out the pages on birth control. McCaffrey shows such determination when the shopkeeper has said they have sold many issues he demands their names that they are in danger of losing their â€Å"immortal souls† This event convinces us the power of the Catholic Church is and the it impact on society. Birth control in â€Å"the holiest city† was banned. A one page article emphasizes the lengths Catholics go to protecting their religious beliefs. McCaffrey’s biggest customer Mr. Hutchinson in cursing him for storming into his shop and creating havoc, and McCaffrey replies to him † See what happens when you’re not a member of the True Church†. Protestants and Catholics dispute over religion. People in Frank’s Community are greatly religious. School masters makes sure you know everything about Christ. Malachy treats the portrait of the Pope as though it is sacred and valuable. The honor of the Catholic Church is overwhelming and creates a sense of how holy the society is. The fact people followed the rules and were faithful to the Church gives us a sense of how religious the environment was. McCaffrey was prepared to go lengths to protect the faith and beliefs fellow Catholics. Frank has many memories of his childhood. There has been pain, misery and some happy times. The memories of his small house in Roden Lane holds many memories. In winter, downstairs floods, the family are forced to move upstairs. â€Å"It’s like going away on our holiday to a warm foreign place like Italy,† Malachy assures the kids. Abandoning downstairs convinces us, the flood is extremely bad. We sense the condition are undesirable and deplorable. Convincingly this house creates a sense of social environment, the state of the house simply shows it. Symbol of the environment are seen in this book. The lavatory in the McCourt’s rented home is a communal toilet shared by 12 families. It symbolizes poor-sanitation and lack of finances. It emphasizes the need for cleaner conditions, † the lavatory will kill us all with diseases,† Angela’s says. In fact it is a concern, their health is at risk of germs that fill the household. Frank is awakened at night by sounds of people emptying their chamber pots suggesting no privacy. People coming in and out. It convinces us how rundown the society is. They can only afford one toilet a lane for 12 families. I can imagine from the lavatory the house is shabby making the society just as bad. We sense poor hygiene creating a sense in our mind of how Frank grew up. McCourt himself said if he † were to pick a symbol for my life, and image, it would be that lavatory that all the people emptied their buckets into. † Franks childhood was about surviving each day and feeding his family, his goal to reach America. He says, the lavatory symbolizes his life struggling to get through each day. Angela’s Ashes includes many details used to create a sense of Frank’s childhood social environment. Throughout the book many descriptions of memorable experiences and sights are used to detail the surrounding he grew up with. This whole book is about dealing with the slums and the dreadful conditions that we strongly sense in our heads. After reading Angela’s Ashes you will be left with many visuals McCourt has got you to create and picture in your head that make out his â€Å"miserable Irish Catholic Childhood†. How to cite How convincingly the book creates a sense of social environment in which subject grew up?, Papers

Using the Science of Life As A Weapon Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Using the Science of Life As A Weapon Persuasive Essay 1) How It Has Been Used in Past Wars2) How We Can Expect It to Be Used in the FutureIVAre We At Risk of Being Attacked With Biological Weapons?1) Defending Ourselves Against Biological WeaponsNuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) warfare is one of the most dreaded forms of attack on the battlefield. In the last century, we learned a great deal about how life works, how it is organized. We have used that technology to save many lives by curing diseases and vaccinating against viruses. But it seems that whenever we have a breakthrough in science, there is an ever-present danger of a form of weapon resulting from the discovery. Biological Warfare is defined as bacteria, viruses, fungi or rickettsia, which are used in wartime to cause disease or death in people (Hay, 1984). We will write a custom essay on Using the Science of Life As A Weapon Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It seems like a contradiction. Doctors work hard to find cures and vaccinations for the various diseases and viruses that plague our population. On the other side of the coin, however, there are people that would use disease as a weapon. They not only use the sort of disease that nature provides, but try to create more effective and horrific manmade diseases. Biological weapons, as opposed to chemical weapons, are effective with a relatively small quantity of agent. However, most of these agents have a limited shelf life, as their activity is continually declining (Hay, 1984). Most biological agents are dispersed in aerosol form. They can be sprayed from a small cylinder with compressed air, spread by guided missiles, dispersed as a powder from aircraft, or used in a cluster of bombs. The danger is the potential for these biological agents, if successful in infecting a population, can be spread quickly. The U.S. Navy tested the effectiveness of Biological weapons on a metropolis in November of 1950. They released harmless bacteria off the California coast, sufficient to contaminate 117 square miles of the San Francisco Bay area. Scientists reported that nearly all of the 800,000 inhabitants of the city had inhaled the bacteria (Hay, 1984). To cause an epidemic, an enemy would select a highly contagious virus or bacteria. They would decide whether to use an extremely lethal agent or one that would temporarily incapacitate a population or army to weaken defenses. Most biological weapons are influenza viruses or pneumonic plague bacillus. These meet the requirement of being highly contagious by human contact. As an example, an estimated 20 million people died in the great influenza pandemic of 1918 and 1919 – just three percent of those infected. Surprisingly, then, this great loss of life actually represents a low mortality rate (Solomon, 1999). For incapacitating the target, brucellosis is preferred. This is a chronic infection caused by the Brucella species of bacteria. A person can be infected by skin contact, by eating or drinking infected material, or by inhaling the organism. This is also an agent that can be produced easily in fermenters. Symptoms vary, but common are a severe chill, a recurring fever, sweating, headache, loss of appetite, extreme exhaustion, aching joints and depression. The symptoms last upwards of four weeks, but relapses can continue for years (Hay, 1984). The most well known form of brucellosis is anthrax. Aggressors favor this primarily because it is lethal and relatively easy to manufacture. Anthrax is caused by the bacterium bacillus anthracis, and is spread by skin contact, contact with infected animals, or by inhaling or ingesting the agent. The mortality rate is highest when infected by inhalation, at eighty per cent of untreated cases. The danger of anthrax is long term as well. Forty years after being tested on Gruinard, the island is still contaminated with the bacterium (Solomon, 1999). .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 , .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 .postImageUrl , .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 , .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6:hover , .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6:visited , .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6:active { border:0!important; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6:active , .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6 .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u893a480a5134b24ad621a5262968e6b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Great Wall of China EssayAlthough the danger of biological weapons increases as technology progresses, it is not a new threat. One of the earliest reported uses was in the sixth century B.C., when the Assyrians poisoned their enemy’s wells with a fungus disease called rye ergot. The commander of British forces in America, Jeffrey Amherst, used biological warfare on the Ottawa Indians. He sent two wagons of blankets from the smallpox hospital to the tribe as a â€Å"peace-offering.† And in the 15th century, Pizarro reportedly presented the South American natives with variola-contaminated

The Y2k Problem Essays - Calendars, Software Bugs, COBOL, Hazards

The Y2k Problem Essays - Calendars, Software Bugs, COBOL, Hazards The Y2k Problem Y2K: Nearing Disaster or Minor Computer Flaw? By Pete Conti Imagine that, as you do annually, you are counting the minutes until the New Year arrives. You are watching Dick Clark announce that the countdown will begin soon, and you feel anxious. Finally, as you hear the offbeat 5-4-3-2-1-0, and let out a sigh of relief, something goes wrong. At precisely 12:00 A.M. on January 1 of the year 2000, computers across the nation crash, leaving the country in panic. Stores are looted, riots break out, 911 is dysfunctional, banks lose money, the stock market crashes, planes drop from the sky, and we are all left in the bitter darkness. Horror stories such as these are common among news broadcasts and the Internet, but many are wondering how the Y2K problem will, if at all, affect their lives. Some professionals say that the Y2K problem may only cause glitches in older, obsolete computers and mainframes, while others are warning the public, and urging proper preparedness for this imminent disaster. Although both sides of this conflict have very arguab le positions, the world is not taking the Y2K problem seriously enough. Before a valid position can be taken, one must first fully understand what the Y2K problem is, and how it might affect computers. Computer coding has always been constructed of zeros and ones, and the finished product is often called the computer language. Over the last thirty years, namely the early eighties, computer coding was much different than it is today. During this time, a string of zeros usually meant the end of a particular program. For these computers, which are very few, when the year 2000 arrives, the Central Processing Unit, or CPU, will determine that the zeros in the year 2000s date as the end of the software, and the computer will crash. This only makes up a very small percentage of the computers that will be affected by the Y2K problem, the others being the more modern computers that still are not compliant with the year 2000s date. These computers, unlike the earlier, primitive ones, would not recognize the year 2000 as the date in which the software stops functio ning, but instead as the year 1900. This is due to the fact that many date systems are set up using only two numbers, so for example, 01 would be read as 1901, because these computers are still set in the 20th century. Some argue that, because the computer would not crash, and simply believe the date was 1900, the Y2K problem is not a major dilemma; the vast majority of computers would still be fully functional, so fixing the problem doesnt require so much urgency. The problem could be fixed after the year 2000, so panic is unnecessary. This is obviously not the case, when you think about all of the computers that run on dates. Almost all of the systems that run schedule-keeping programs will be adversely affected if this problem is not fixed. What about the telephone company? What would happen if you were on the telephone at the date change? What about Travel agencies and package delivery systems? These questions remain unanswered, and will stay that way until the year 2000 arrives . The Y2K problem is very serious, but it is causing many more problems than simply computers. There are radicals supporting every viewpoint. Some people who are worried about the Y2K problem are withdrawing all of their money from banks, and stockpiling their houses with months worth of food, while others simply fail to acknowledge the Y2K problem. Others are actually trying to get rich off perhaps the biggest problem in computers short history. There are numerous fake, overpriced, and overrated Y2K survival kits on sale for ridiculous prices. Imagine what would happen if Y2K did cause major problems, what would the radicals do then? While it is obvious that many are over-preparing for this potential upcoming problem, the ones that are paying no attention to it may be in danger. NBC news stated that withdrawing money from banks is actually a bad idea, as many banks have already converted to Y2K compliant software, but having necessary items such as a radio, batteries, a flashlight,

Bernissartia - Facts and Figures

Bernissartia - Facts and Figures Name: Bernissartia (from Bernissart, after the region of Belgium where it was discovered); pronounced BURN-iss-ARE-tee-yah Habitat: Swamps and shorelines of western Europe Historical Period: Early Cretaceous (145-140 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and 5-10 pounds Diet: Fish, shellfish and carrion Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; long, pointed snout; two kinds of teeth in jaws About Bernissartia Except for its tiny size (only about two feet long from head to tail and no more than 10 pounds), Bernissartia looked pretty much like a modern crocodile, with its long tail, splayed limbs, elongated snout and powerful jaws. You might think a prehistoric crocodile this petite would have made it a point to stay away from larger reptiles, but Bernissartia appears to have shared the swamps of early Cretaceous western Europe with much bigger dinosaurs (which presumably left it alone in favor of less toothy prey). In fact, a handful of Bernissartia fossils have been discovered in close proximity to a specimen of Iguanodon, one possibility being that they were feasting on the carcass of this dead ornithopod before being drowned in a flash flood. One odd feature of Bernissartia, crocodile-wise, was the two kinds of teeth embedded in its jaws: sharp incisors in front and flat molars in back. This is a clue that Bernissartia may have fed on shellfish (which needed to be ground to bits before swallowing) as well as fish, and, as stated above, may also have subsisted on the carcasses of already-dead sauropods and ornithopods. One likely interpretation of this behavior is that Bernissartia roamed up and down the beaches of its presumed island habitat (during the early Cretaceous period, much of western Europe was submerged under water), eating pretty much anything that happened to wash up on shore.

Loose-leaf for Essentials of Life-Span Development Research Paper

Loose-leaf for Essentials of Life-Span Development - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the best way the Garcia parents can solve this impasse is by using authoritative parenting. The fact that authoritative parenting is more lenient compared to the authoritarian model of parenting necessities the consideration of the Garcia parents. This is because, the main beneficiaries of parenting, Kerry and Timothy are still young. Timothy, in this case, has a desire to copy his parents and to create gaming situations. Unlike the authoritarian model which is emphatic on the following of rules and regulations and the meting out of punishment, the authoritative model is more lenient and readily amenable to administrative and democratic styles of training and leadership. It is a fact that Timothy, in this case, is too young to appreciate the import of punishment and regulations. In a closely related wavelength, it is true that the authoritarian model of parenting may not auger well with Timothy’s emotional and intellectual develop ment. It is at this time that children become more inquisitive and ask many questions. At this stage, the leniency of the authoritative model will Timothy acquire more knowledge from Patricia and Michael Garcia. It is at Timothy’s stage that he is bound to resolve his struggle with the Oedipal complex with learning and accepting the social role identification which the society assigns. Should natural desires and goals overwhelm or frustrate timothy, Timothy will become predisposed to guilt feelings. Again, it is important to remember that it is at this stage where Timothy’s most important relationship is with the Garcias, his basic family. This may demand that Patricia and Michael make readjustments on their work schedules which will help them be present during Timothy’s development.

Management Thoery and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Thoery and Practice - Essay Example Although theories of Weber and Taylor are slightly dated today, they still offer a beneficial perspective. To Weber’s perspective, society, and also the workplace, is something that arises out of a state of chaos, so people want to make order out of chaos and make a workplace as real and rational as possible for them, and often this is in the form of the modern bureaucracy as Weber saw it. All industries have some degree of bureaucracy, and the beauty and hair salon industry is no different. Weber thought that people should look to the past and look at bureaucracies and also how they relate to the present situation, and we can still do this today. Weber also believed in the ideal type of the bureaucracy, or the optimal ideal. The ideal represents the idea, and the actual is represented by how things really are. There are possible problems in the situation because ideal types often do not live up to the real situation. Weber believed that focusing on the bureaucracy would yield positive results that could be construed in the value-neutral position of the bureaucracy. This led to his formulation of the ideal type methodology, which later functionalists would see as an automatic pattern of stability to be looked for in a societal context. Weber saw that the object of science was to make subjective observations of the bureaucracy’s function and look at these observations along methodological lines. Other early bureaucratic theories like those of Taylor stressed the presence of an ideal condition where complex tasks were simplified, so Taylor borrowed these notions and thought about how absolute standards could be put upon the subjectivity and reality observed by social science. â€Å"Taylors strongest positive legacy was the concept of breaking a complex task down in to a number of small subtasks, and optimizing the performance of the subtasks. This positive legacy leads to the stop-watch

The Myth Of Mental Illness Philosophy Essay

The Myth Of Mental Illness Philosophy Essay Has Psychiatry got it that wrong or is Thomas Szazs deluded. This question begs to be answered throughout the pages of the The Myth of Mental Illness. Thomas Szazs boldly lays bare psychiatric fallacies in about 263 pages, with ambitious agenda, which has had a significant imprint on Psychiatric history irrespective of all attempts to relegate it to the annals of history (Buchanan-Barker and Barker, 2009). Szazs whose work is used freely by psychiatric academics is often referred to as Psychiatric Philosopher (Hoeller, 1997 and Breeding, 2011). The main argument of this book is that mental illness is a social construct and what psychiatrists label as mental illness is in fact deviant behaviour (Szazs, 2010). Furthermore, Szasz believes that in the absence of empirically observable biological pathology, certain mental illnesses such as schizophrenia should not be termed an illness. Mental illness has no scientific or medical basis and therefore cannot be called a disease. This hypothesis is based on the premise that unlike pneumonia which presents recognisable symptoms all over the world, mental illness does not. Hallucination is classified as a disorder in the western world but highly valued in other parts of the world (Szazs, 2010). The book is academic, aimed at challenging the foundations of American Psychiatry and perhaps the words of Benjamin Rush who declared in the 18th Century that mental illness has hitherto been shrouded in mystery and his intension to make mental illness like any disease of the human body (Szasz, 2005). Part one, The Myth of Mental Illness is an analysis of the background of 1950 psychiatric theory and practice. Part two, Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct proffers an alternative stance on mental illness and how to eloquently express views about it. Szazs firmly believes that mental illness does not exist and that the notion of illness only applies to bodily abnormalities that can be proved by physical and chemical methods (Szasz, 2010). In Mental illness the brain when dissected does not reveal an ailing part. Therefore, internal or neurological illness should not be suggested even if the mental illness resembles physical illness because in such a case mental illness should be viewed as a metaphor (Pickering, 2006). Farrell (1979) however vies this strand of argument positing that Szazs point disintegrates when it is acknowledged that mental illness can refer to psychological defects. Szasz further argues that until recently, illness was defined as a physical disorder and had to be physically and chemically proven in the structure of a body. New diseases have conformed to this criteria and therefore Psychiatry should not be an exception (Pickard, 2009). Szasz marries structural and functional aberrations consequently combining function and behaviour. The function of the brain, for example or the brain systems are placed in the same category as the behaviour of a person and compared to physical and chemical changes. In todays scientific world this view is difficult to digest. Szasz propounds that somatic symptoms should not be attributed to physio-chemical defects in the body as this disorder is learned. This argument casts a shadow on all other mental illnesses and subsequently renders all Psychiatric terminology, diagnosis and treatment needless. Psychiatry is not medical intervention but a social and moral service which should not be forced on anyone (Szasz, 2010). The other premise of Szaszs argument is that medical diagnosis is subject to a physician judgement. This judgement usually correlates with the demonstration of a corresponding physiochemical disorder which cannot be applied in mental health. Psychiatrists therefore make diagnosis which cannot be verified. This gives the psychiatrist power over the patient as the psychiatrist is the only one who can verify this illness. Mental illness in the eyes of Szasz is not discovered as with other natural illnesses but invented by psychiatrist from peoples behaviours (Szazs, 2010). Szazs proffers that whereas mentally ill people were classified as malingerers some years back they are now seen as patients entitled to privileges and welfare benefits. This is not necessarily an improvement but a ploy that negatively affects the value of life which in effect revert mentally ill people social status to malingerers of the 21st century. Such a label induces stigma, discrimination, lame excuses for failure and bad behaviour. Some of these views are not akin to only Szasz. Bracken and Thomas (2010) elucidates how Michael Foucault a French philosopher and Szasz have challenged leading views on psychiatry. Foucault like Szazs asserts that mentally ill people are institutionalised because of moral and economic factors. Furthermore, he challenges deep-seated opinions of mental illness, reason and questions why leper houses were replaced with institutions for mentally ill people (Foucault, 2006). Influenced by post philosophers such as Michael Heidegger, Foucaults transformative practice, knowledge that contravenes dominating games of truth, power relations and shades of partiality is closely knitted to the philosophy of Heidegger (Rayner, 2007). However, Ratcliffe (2010) challenges Bracken and Thomass critique of arguments between Foucault and Szazs stating that they are worlds apart. Gijswijt-Hofstra and Porter (1998) asserts that even though there are other critics of psychiatry their views are often ambiguous. Critics such as Ronald Laing, a Scottish psychiatrist decisively wrote about mental illness subscribing to the view that madness was a natural way of ridding oneself from infuriating situations. Therefore, psychotic episodes should be allowed to run its natural courses rather than people being degraded by being arrested, curbed, confined and forcibly medicated in hospitals (Laing, 1986). Scott (2011) decries Gijswijt-Hofstra and Porters point by indicating that Laings views for example about mental healthcare and choice is not out of date or insignificant. Thomas Szazs, Michel Foucault, David Cooper and Ronald Laing may have contributed enormously to intellectual debates on mental patient care and choice but I beg to differ because of inequality in societies and the lack of resources to support and protect the dignity and life of the mentally ill and the community they live in. Where lies dignity when the mentally ill become dishevelled, vagrant and walk about stark naked in places like Africa? Regardless of the above, the strengths of this book although ambiguous at times outweigh its weaknesses. The hardnosed attitude towards patient care and choice makes a must reading for every psychiatric student as it brings to the fore challenging questions about diagnosis and the expansion of the Diagnostic and Statisical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Book Review of The Hunchback of Notre Dame Essay

There are many books that were published in the year of 1831. However, none of them have grown to be so popular and loved as the book â€Å"The Hunchback of Notre Dame.† This renowned book has many qualities, as it does flaws. It also has a variety of characters, such as the lovable Quasimodo. This novel is internationally loved because of its magnificent content. The novel â€Å"Hunchback of Notre Dame† is recognized for its great qualities. One of the great qualities of this story is that it is very realistic, and has a genuine feel. The punishments, the crimes, and the accusations were practical and easy to accept. While Quasimodo is getting punished in Chapter 7, the punishment he endures was an actual punishment in the 1830’s. This story also has authentic characters, like Esmeralda and Phoebus. Phoebus is a player, and leaves Esmeralda, a girl head-over-heels for him, to die. The personality of these characters and their relationship is not impossible, and there are many people like them. This novel is also whimsical. The story is totally unpredictable, and very fast-paced. At the end of the novel, the reader is uncertain which way the story will go, and if it will end happily. This quality keeps the reader curious and wanting to read more. This story has many great qualities, but there are many shortcomings as well. First off, the situations the characters are put in aren’t very realistic. For example, when Esmeralda is about to be hanged, Quasimodo swings from a gallery to the church in Chapter 14. This is a weak point and takes away from the authenticity of the story. Another drawback is that the beginning is not exciting enough to maintain the reader’s interest. At the beginning, the novel is very dull, and there isn’t any action. The reader becomes uninterested, and no longer wants to continue the book. The last weakness is that this book is targeted towards a small audience. It is violent and unsuitable for kids, boring for many teenagers, and is mostly for an audience who likes and appreciates classics. This classic also has many characters. However, a memorable character is Quasimodo. He is an admirable character, because he represents the lesson â€Å"Beauty is from within†. Although he is heavily disfigured and mutated, he is caring and gentle to everyone around him. Quasimodo is also very thoughtful. When he takes care of her and she asks to see Phoebus, he puts her wants over his. Finally, Quasimodo is a favourite character among many, because he sets her free. He lets Esmeralda be with Gringoire, and this shows how much he loves her. All-in-all, The Hunchback of Notre Dame was an amazing book. It has many qualities, some shortcomings, and memorable characters. This may be an old book, but there are many morals to be learned.

The Great City Of Washingtond.c - 936 Words

The great city of Washington D.C, founded in 1790, by great intellectuals, to control rest of America and to meddle in the affairs of Latin America, in particular, and rest of the world, in general. However, I strongly doubt that it has served the cause of this great nation. Since my accidental arrival in this great city, I am only listening to politics. First I was surprised, but later it became obvious to me that politics is a career, a career, which is very promising. Therefore, all people, whether black, white, brown, blue or red, incessantly discuss politics, and contemplate, argue and fight on how to improve the lives of fellow Americans. During this discourse, of course they also accuse others of being less American or not being American at all, especially if one is brown, blue or red. During my intra-city travels, I went in to an inn, which served insipid food and cheap wine. There I was sitting on table, when I overheard a woman, trying to explain, on top of her voice, that how Un-Christian this country had become. She, who seemed to me a head of some cult, was very apprehensive about minorities, and had been claiming that her president was plotting against True Americans. This discussion was very intriguing, and her theories, to support these claims, even more. I could not resist myself and penetrated their circle, which was discussing this intense and highly sensitive issue. I asked this beautiful woman, who was once also a

The Perception Of Black Males And Their Personal...

Perceptions is what we perceive, what we think we see and know vs what another sees towards the same object or person. But something we must always keep in mind is these stigmas we have aren’t always true. One controversial miss perceptions are black lives particularly black males in America. Viewed by a lot of people as thugs, gang bangers, and crooks, harsh and untrue things of the major of the population. a group of individually regularly looked at and put under scrutiny its people constantly put under a microscope if near the scene of any crime, or harassed verbally by authority figure. We must not let our perception of black males cause a divide and allow the stigmas that are attributed to them to instill fear and cause hatred in our nation. We will critically analyze speeches by Brent staples, Coffey Anderson, and Steve lock particularly at their views of the perception of black males and their personal experience on handling the stigmas associated with them. Brent staples takes an interesting position on the stigma of black males in America, in his 1980 s recount of his life as a black male in the city of New York he mentions a deep yet simple cause of violence upon black life’s. In our day to day life lives in the us in urban America when fear particularly racial fear of a person of group of people arises â€Å"and weapons, either by registered individuals or by police mix â€Å"(staples 1) there is always the possibility of death. It is an imminent consequence whenShow MoreRelatedThe Perception Of Black Males Essay2389 Words   |  10 PagesPerceptions is what we as individuals understand from the information we are given, what we think we see and know vs what another sees towards the same object or person. But something we must always keep in mind is the stigmas we have aren’t always true. One controversial miss perceptions are black lives particularly black males in America. Viewed by a lot of people as thugs, gang bangers, and crooks, theses harsh and untrue things of what the majority of the population perceives. A group of individuallyRead MoreAfrican Americans: The Cultural Norms vs. The Group Counseling Experience2407 Words   |  10 Pagesdealing with family and personal business according to what the culture deems acceptable and prejudices both held by African Americans and their concern over the prejudices of others toward them. Unfortunately as a result of the close-minded nature of the culture to counseling and the lack of education regarding the group counseling experience and its many benefits, many African American individuals are left attempting to cope with life’s issues alone. â€Å"Today as we experience the early part of theRead MoreAin t No Making It Chapter Summaries Essay9177 Words   |  37 Pagesclass relations in the U.S. by training the wealthy to take up space at the top of the economy while conditioning the poor to accept their status. 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For the purposes of this study I contacted a small-scale case studyRead MoreThe Long Term Effects of Child Sexual Abuse11950 Words   |  48 Pagesis supported by Ferguson (1997), ‘as well as the immediate effects of such abuse seen in childhood, findings from research have reported how the impact of CSA can affect the lives of adult survivors.’ â€Å"Sexual abuse is a traumatic and damaging experience which can affect a child’s capacity for trust, intimacy, mental health and emotional development and ability to achieve both educationally and socially†,( London Child Protection Committee 2005). As a result of the damage caused, it is likely forRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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The Evolution Of Science And Christian Thought Essay

Ape to Human Jackie Williams BIO 396: Topics in Biology and Christian Thought November 30, 2016 I distinctly remember sitting in my 9th grade Biology class as Mr. Shorba projected the classic picture of an ape progressively evolving into a human, and explained to the class Darwin’s theory of evolution. However, being raised in a conservative Christian home, I did not listen to one word of the evolution lecture, as I had already made up my mind as to what I believed in. Although I still believe in creationism, my take on learning about evolution has drastically shifted as I have realized the importance of understanding this popular theory. In Jonathan Well’s book, Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth, he dissects well-known evolutionists arguments with explanations as to how they are falsifiable. In chapter eleven of Wells’ book he explains to his audience the theory of the evolution of humans from apes; otherwise known as the ultimate icon. Darwin explains this theory of macroevolution as the distinctive features that humans have as being present because of natural selection acting on small variables (Wells, 2001). In 1863, Thomas Henry Huxley published a book entitled, Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature, where he compared the commonalities between the human skeleton and the ape skeleton (Wells, 2001). Although Huxley did not believe humans were direct descendants of apes, his findings lead to the construction of Charles Darwin’s Descent to Man, inShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of Science Classes At School1653 Words   |  7 PagesBeing raised in a Christian family, I have attended Catholic school my whole life. That being said, I have grown up studying Bible stories since before I can remember. Probably the most prominent and well-known of these stories i n Christian theology is, of course, the story of creation. To this day, I still remember how the story goes. On the first day, God created the earth and daylight. For six days after, he continued creation and included the sky, the ocean, plants, animals, and humans. GrowingRead MoreThe Theory Of Science And Christian Belief1345 Words   |  6 PagesProvided that science still requires repeatable and measurable outcomes, the thought that eukaryotes produced sophisticated human life capable of high functioning individuals when they could not even develop the most basic features is preposterous. Although the previous claim may have been overstepped, there are claims of theistic evolution that offer a logical argument to a personal creation by the Living God. Arguments that God could take inert objects, add a dash of mutation, conceptualize andRead MoreThe evolution of apes was a possibility in the 19th century. Although religion had been cherished600 Words   |  3 PagesThe evolution of apes was a possibility in the 19th century. Although religion had been cherished for centuries, the doubts in people’s mines began to express many uncertainties about the bible and started to question their own beliefs. The issue of evolution was a huge concern in the 19th century as it was destroying the view of god and how he made the world; this caused many people to either change their views on life or their religion which had a huge part in resolving people’s beliefs in theirRead MoreCreationism, The, And The Intelligent Designers1125 Words   |  5 PagesIs the Bible capable of supporting the idea of evolution? This is a question that tends to leave many Christians divided between science and theology. Over the years, various views have been formed in regards to this question. The Young Earth Creationists strongly oppose any mention of evolution. Old Earth Creationism is an umbrella term for the various ways in which Christians believe evolution fits into creation. Within this group are the theistic evolutionists, the progressive creationists, andRead MoreEvolution And Its Impact On Students Worldview1310 Words   |  6 PagesPerhaps the greatest challenge in the Christian academic community surrounds the question of evolution and its impact on students’ worldview. Trepidation concerning the topic of evolution and its implications may launch students into a pit of uncertainty and doubt. This outcome is certain if the topic at hand is presented in such a way that fails to encounter students’ questions in an academically enriching environment. Historically, the act of challenging notions of familiarity results in outcomesRead MoreOriginal Creation of Earth1117 Words   |  5 Pagesand every other object on the earth. Every word of the Bible is true. Every day, creation scientists are finding more and more evidence to support the six days of creation. There is nothing wrong with science, but in the end it is the fallible word of man. YOUNG EARTH At its simplest, evolution is a hypothesis which claims that all life has descended with modification from a primitive single celled organism in the remote past. The development has been one of increasing complexity. Originally,Read MoreEssay about Creation and Evolution: An Eternal Debate1597 Words   |  7 Pages Creation and Evolution: An Eternal Debate nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many people have tried to reconcile the differences between creationism and Darwinism but few have succeeded. Any religious debate is seen as a very sensitive subject and the discussion about the foundations of certain religions generally becomes difficult. Darwinism, in relation to religious beliefs can become controversial; some say they can coexist and some say they cannot. Darwinism was not intended to be anti-religiousRead MoreThe Debate Between Evolution and Creationism1648 Words   |  7 PagesIf the question was posed as to what is the debate between creationism vs. evolution consist of, the thought that it is ‘â€Å"God did it† vs. â€Å"Natural processes did it,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Scott, 2004) may arise. Science cannot absolutely prove or disprove Creation or Evolution. Yet scientist and the remainder of society use creationism and evolution to prove our existence. Creationist believe in the Christian account of the origin as recorded i n Genesis. Creationism is the belief that statements such as â€Å"In the beginningRead MoreScience Teachers and Professors Should Not Teach Creationism 1231 Words   |  5 Pagesso people can understand what the debate is about,† it is up to the school to teach evolution, while families or other educators should inform their children and students about creationism or any other type of creation myth or legend. As a matter of fact, a transparent explanation for this tenet efficiently emerges: the â€Å"sides† of the debate are more than two; therefore, there is no reason to consider evolution and creationism, but not the Chinese principle of â€Å"Yin and Yang† or the Greek philosophers’Read MoreEdward Larsons Work Summer For The Gods1199 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Piltdown skull† and bridged a gap in history that seemed to confirm Darwin’s theory of evolution. Darwin s account of random variations, coupled with his survival-of-the-fittest selection process, posed a critical problem for many Christians who retained a teleological view of nature.† (Larson, 17) This threat to Christian spirituality sparked an anti-evolution movement in an attempt to revoke the teachings of evolution in public school systems. The Tennessee House of Representatives soon passed a statute

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 24-29 Free Essays

string(62) " Leonardo Da Vinci claimed she was his finest accomplishment\." CHAPTER 24 Silas gazed upward at the Saint-Sulpice obelisk, taking in the length of the massive marble shaft. His sinews felt taut with exhilaration. He glanced around the church one more time to make sure he was alone. We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code Chapter 24-29 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then he knelt at the base of the structure, not out of reverence, but out of necessity. The keystone is hidden beneath the Rose Line. At the base of the Sulpice obelisk. All the brothers had concurred. On his knees now, Silas ran his hands across the stone floor. He saw no cracks or markings to indicate a movable tile, so he began rapping softly with his knuckles on the floor. Following the brass line closer to the obelisk, he knocked on each tile adjacent to the brass line. Finally, one of them echoed strangely. There’s a hollow area beneath the floor! Silas smiled. His victims had spoken the truth. Standing, he searched the sanctuary for something with which to break the floor tile. High above Silas, in the balcony, Sister Sandrine stifled a gasp. Her darkest fears had just been confirmed. This visitor was not who he seemed. The mysterious Opus Dei monk had come to Saint- Sulpice for another purpose. A secret purpose. You are not the only one with secrets, she thought. Sister Sandrine Bieil was more than the keeper of this church. She was a sentry. And tonight, the ancient wheels had been set in motion. The arrival of this stranger at the base of the obelisk was a signal from the brotherhood. It was a silent call of distress. CHAPTER 25 The U. S. Embassy in Paris is a compact complex on Avenue Gabriel, just north of the Champs-Elysees. The three-acre compound is considered U. S. soil, meaning all those who stand on it are subject to the same laws and protections as they would encounter standing in the United States. The embassy’s night operator was reading Time magazine’s International Edition when the sound of her phone interrupted. â€Å"U. S. Embassy,† she answered. â€Å"Good evening.† The caller spoke English accented with French. â€Å"I need some assistance.† Despite the politeness of the man’s words, his tone sounded gruff and official. â€Å"I was told you had a phone message for me on your automated system. The name is Langdon. Unfortunately, I have forgotten my three-digit access code. If you could help me, I would be most grateful.† The operator paused, confused. â€Å"I’m sorry, sir. Your message must be quite old. That system was removed two years ago for security precautions. Moreover, all the access codes were five-digit. Who told you we had a message for you?† â€Å"You have no automated phone system?† â€Å"No, sir. Any message for you would be handwritten in our services department. What was your name again?† But the man had hung up. Bezu Fache felt dumbstruck as he paced the banks of the Seine. He was certain he had seen Langdon dial a local number, enter a three-digit code, and then listen to a recording. But if Langdon didn’t phone the embassy, then who the hell did he call? It was at that moment, eyeing his cellular phone, that Fache realized the answers were in the palm of his hand. Langdon used my phone to place that call. Keying into the cell phone’s menu, Fache pulled up the list of recently dialed numbers and found the call Langdon had placed. A Paris exchange, followed by the three-digit code 454. Redialing the phone number, Fache waited as the line began ringing. Finally a woman’s voice answered. â€Å"Bonjour, vous etes bien chez Sophie Neveu,† the recording announced. â€Å"Je suis absente pour le moment, mais†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Fache’s blood was boiling as he typed the numbers 4†¦ 5†¦ 4. CHAPTER 26 Despite her monumental reputation, the Mona Lisa was a mere thirty-one inches by twenty-one inches – smaller even than the posters of her sold in the Louvre gift shop. She hung on the northwest wall of the Salle des Etats behind a two-inch-thick pane of protective Plexiglas. Painted on a poplar wood panel, her ethereal, mist-filled atmosphere was attributed to Da Vinci’s mastery of the sfumato style, in which forms appear to evaporate into one another. Since taking up residence in the Louvre, the Mona Lisa – or La Jaconde as they call her in France – had been stolen twice, most recently in 1911, when she disappeared from the Louvre’s† satte impenetrable† – Le Salon Carre. Parisians wept in the streets and wrote newspaper articles begging the thieves for the painting’s return. Two years later, the Mona Lisa was discovered hidden in the false bottom of a trunk in a Florence hotel room. Langdon, now having made it clear to Sophie that he had no intention of leaving, moved with her across the Salle des Etats. The Mona Lisa was still twenty yards ahead when Sophie turned on the black light, and the bluish crescent of penlight fanned out on the floor in front of them. She swung the beam back and forth across the floor like a minesweeper, searching for any hint of luminescent ink. Walking beside her, Langdon was already feeling the tingle of anticipation that accompanied his face-to-face reunions with great works of art. He strained to see beyond the cocoon of purplish light emanating from the black light in Sophie’s hand. To the left, the room’s octagonal viewing divan emerged, looking like a dark island on the empty sea of parquet. Langdon could now begin to see the panel of dark glass on the wall. Behind it, he knew, in the confines of her own private cell, hung the most celebrated painting in the world. The Mona Lisa’s status as the most famous piece of art in the world, Langdon knew, had nothing to do with her enigmatic smile. Nor was it due to the mysterious interpretations attributed her by many art historians and conspiracy buffs. Quite simply, the Mona Lisa was famous because Leonardo Da Vinci claimed she was his finest accomplishment. You read "The Da Vinci Code Chapter 24-29" in category "Essay examples" He carried the painting with him whenever he traveled and, if asked why, would reply that he found it hard to part with his most sublime expression of female beauty. Even so, many art historians suspected Da Vinci’s reverence for the Mona Lisa had nothing to do with its artistic mastery. In actuality, the painting was a surprisingly ordinary sfumato portrait. Da Vinci’s veneration for this work, many claimed, stemmed from something far deeper: a hidden message in the layers of paint. The Mona Lisa was, in fact, one of the world’s most documented inside jokes. The painting’s well-documented collage of double entendres and playful allusions had been revealed in most art history tomes, and yet, incredibly, the public at large still considered her smile a great mystery. No mystery at all, Langdon thought, moving forward and watching as the faint outline of the painting began to take shape. No mystery at all. Most recently Langdon had shared the Mona Lisa’s secret with a rather unlikely group – a dozen inmates at the Essex County Penitentiary. Langdon’s jail seminar was part of a Harvard outreach program attempting to bring education into the prison system – Culture for Convicts, as Langdon’s colleagues liked to call it. Standing at an overhead projector in a darkened penitentiary library, Langdon had shared the MonaLisa’s secret with the prisoners attending class, men whom he found surprisingly engaged – rough, but sharp. â€Å"You may notice,† Langdon told them, walking up to the projected image of the MonaLisa on the library wall,† that the background behind her face is uneven.† Langdon motioned to the glaring discrepancy. â€Å"Da Vinci painted the horizon line on the left significantly lower than the right.† â€Å"He screwed it up?† one of the inmates asked. Langdon chuckled. â€Å"No. Da Vinci didn’t do that too often. Actually, this is a little trick Da Vinci played. By lowering the countryside on the left, Da Vinci made Mona Lisa look much larger from the left side than from the right side. A little Da Vinci inside joke. Historically, the concepts of male and female have assigned sides – left is female, and right is male. Because Da Vinci was a big fan of feminine principles, he made Mona Lisa look more majestic from the left than the right.† â€Å"I heard he was a fag,† said a small man with a goatee. Langdon winced. â€Å"Historians don’t generally put it quite that way, but yes, Da Vinci was a homosexual.† â€Å"Is that why he was into that whole feminine thing?† â€Å"Actually, Da Vinci was in tune with the balance between male and female. He believed that a human soul could not be enlightened unless it had both male and female elements.† â€Å"You mean like chicks with dicks?† someone called. This elicited a hearty round of laughs. Langdon considered offering an etymological sidebar about the word hermaphrodite and its ties to Hermes and Aphrodite, but something told him it would be lost on this crowd. â€Å"Hey, Mr. Langford,† a muscle-bound man said. â€Å"Is it true that the Mona Lisa is a picture of Da Vinci in drag? I heard that was true.† â€Å"It’s quite possible,† Langdon said. â€Å"Da Vinci was a prankster, and computerized analysis of the Mona Lisa and Da Vinci’s self-portraits confirm some startling points of congruency in their faces. Whatever Da Vinci was up to,† Langdon said,† his Mona Lisa is neither male nor female. It carries a subtle message of androgyny. It is a fusing of both.† â€Å"You sure that’s not just some Harvard bullshit way of saying Mona Lisa is one ugly chick.† Now Langdon laughed. â€Å"You may be right. But actually Da Vinci left a big clue that the painting was supposed to be androgynous. Has anyone here ever heard of an Egyptian god named Amon?† â€Å"Hell yes!† the big guy said. â€Å"God of masculine fertility!† Langdon was stunned. â€Å"It says so on every box of Amon condoms.† The muscular man gave a wide grin. â€Å"It’s got a guy with a ram’s head on the front and says he’s the Egyptian god of fertility.† Langdon was not familiar with the brand name, but he was glad to hear the prophylactic manufacturers had gotten their hieroglyphs right. â€Å"Well done. Amon is indeed represented as a man with a ram’s head, and his promiscuity and curved horns are related to our modern sexual slang’ horny. â€Å"No shit!† â€Å"No shit,† Langdon said. â€Å"And do you know who Amon’s counterpart was? The Egyptian goddessof fertility?† The question met with several seconds of silence. â€Å"It was Isis,† Langdon told them, grabbing a grease pen. â€Å"So we have the male god, Amon.† He wrote it down. â€Å"And the female goddess, Isis, whose ancient pictogram was once called L’ISA.† Langdon finished writing and stepped back from the projector. AMON L’ISA â€Å"Ring any bells?† he asked. â€Å"Mona Lisa†¦ holy crap,† somebody gasped. Langdon nodded. â€Å"Gentlemen, not only does the face of Mona Lisa look androgynous, but her name is an anagram of the divine union of male and female. And that, my friends, is Da Vinci’s little secret, and the reason for Mona Lisa’s knowing smile.† â€Å"My grandfather was here,† Sophie said, dropping suddenly to her knees, now only ten feet from the Mona Lisa.She pointed the black light tentatively to a spot on the parquet floor. At first Langdon saw nothing. Then, as he knelt beside her, he saw a tiny droplet of dried liquid that was luminescing. Ink? Suddenly he recalled what black lights were actually used for. Blood. His senses tingled. Sophie was right. Jacques Sauniere had indeed paid a visit to the Mona Lisabefore he died. â€Å"He wouldn’t have come here without a reason,† Sophie whispered, standing up. â€Å"I know he left a message for me here.† Quickly striding the final few steps to the Mona Lisa, she illuminated the floor directly in front of the painting. She waved the light back and forth across the bare parquet. â€Å"There’s nothing here!† At that moment, Langdon saw a faint purple glimmer on the protective glass before the Mona Lisa. Reaching down, he took Sophie’s wrist and slowly moved the light up to the painting itself. They both froze. On the glass, six words glowed in purple, scrawled directly across the Mona Lisa’s face. CHAPTER 27 Seated at Sauniere’s desk, Lieutenant Collet pressed the phone to his ear in disbelief. Did I hearFache correctly?† A bar of soap? But how could Langdon have known about the GPS dot?† â€Å"Sophie Neveu,† Fache replied. â€Å"She told him.† â€Å"What! Why?† â€Å"Damned good question, but I just heard a recording that confirms she tipped him off.† Collet was speechless. What was Neveu thinking? Fache had proof that Sophie had interfered with a DCPJ sting operation? Sophie Neveu was not only going to be fired, she was also going to jail. â€Å"But, Captain†¦ then where is Langdon now?† â€Å"Have any fire alarms gone off there?† â€Å"No, sir.† â€Å"And no one has come out under the Grand Gallery gate?† â€Å"No. We’ve got a Louvre security officer on the gate. Just as you requested.† â€Å"Okay, Langdon must still be inside the Grand Gallery.† â€Å"Inside? But what is he doing?† â€Å"Is the Louvre security guard armed?† â€Å"Yes, sir. He’s a senior warden.† â€Å"Send him in,† Fache commanded. â€Å"I can’t get my men back to the perimeter for a few minutes, and I don’t want Langdon breaking for an exit.† Fache paused. â€Å"And you’d better tell the guard Agent Neveu is probably in there with him.† â€Å"Agent Neveu left, I thought.† â€Å"Did you actually see her leave?† â€Å"No, sir, but – â€Å"Well, nobody on the perimeter saw her leave either. They only saw her go in.† Collet was flabbergasted by Sophie Neveu’s bravado. She’s still inside the building? â€Å"Handle it,† Fache ordered. â€Å"I want Langdon and Neveu at gunpoint by the time I get back.† As the Trailor truck drove off, Captain Fache rounded up his men. Robert Langdon had proven an elusive quarry tonight, and with Agent Neveu now helping him, he might be far harder to corner than expected. Fache decided not to take any chances. Hedging his bets, he ordered half of his men back to the Louvre perimeter. The other half he sent to guard the only location in Paris where Robert Langdon could find safe harbor. CHAPTER 28 Inside the Salle des Etats, Langdon stared in astonishment at the six words glowing on the Plexiglas. The text seemed to hover in space, casting a jagged shadow across Mona Lisa’s mysterious smile. â€Å"The Priory,† Langdon whispered. â€Å"This proves your grandfather was a member!† Sophie looked at him in confusion. â€Å"You understand this?† â€Å"It’s flawless,† Langdon said, nodding as his thoughts churned. â€Å"It’s a proclamation of one of the Priory’s most fundamental philosophies!† Sophie looked baffled in the glow of the message scrawled across the Mona Lisa’s face. SO DARK THE CON OF MAN â€Å"Sophie,† Langdon said,† the Priory’s tradition of perpetuating goddess worship is based on a belief that powerful men in the early Christian church ‘conned’ the world by propagating lies that devalued the female and tipped the scales in favor of the masculine.† Sophie remained silent, staring at the words.† The Priory believes that Constantine and his male successors successfully converted the world from matriarchal paganism to patriarchal Christianity by waging a campaign of propaganda that demonized the sacred feminine, obliterating the goddess from modern religion forever.† Sophie’s expression remained uncertain. â€Å"My grandfather sent me to this spot to find this. He must be trying to tell me more than that.† Langdon understood her meaning. She thinks this is another code.Whether a hidden meaning existed here or not, Langdon could not immediately say. His mind was still grappling with the bold clarity of Sauniere’s outward message. So dark the con of man, he thought. So dark indeed. Nobody could deny the enormous good the modern Church did in today’s troubled world, and yet the Church had a deceitful and violent history. Their brutal crusade to† reeducate† the pagan and feminine-worshipping religions spanned three centuries, employing methods as inspired as they were horrific. The Catholic Inquisition published the book that arguably could be called the most blood-soaked publication in human history. Malleus Maleficarum – or The Witches’ Hammer – indoctrinated the world to† the dangers of freethinking women† and instructed the clergy how to locate, torture, and destroy them. Those deemed† witches† by the Church included all female scholars, priestesses, gypsies, mystics, nature lovers, herb gatherers, and any women† suspiciously attuned to the natural world.† Midwives also were killed for their heretical practice of using medical knowledge to ease the pain of childbirth – a suffering, the Church claimed, that was God’s rightful punishment for Eve’s partaking of the Apple of Knowledge, thus giving birth to the idea of Original Sin. During three hundred years of witch hunts, the Church burned at the stake an astounding five million women. The propaganda and bloodshed had worked. Today’s world was living proof. Women, once celebrated as an essential half of spiritual enlightenment, had been banished from the temples of the world. There were no female Orthodox rabbis, Catholic priests, nor Islamic clerics. The once hallowed act of Hieros Gamos – the natural sexual union between man and woman through which each became spiritually whole – had been recast as a shameful act. Holy men who had once required sexual union with their female counterparts to commune with God now feared their natural sexual urges as the work of the devil, collaborating with his favorite accomplice†¦ woman. Not even the feminine association with the left-hand side could escape the Church’s defamation. In France and Italy, the words for† left† – gauche and sinistra – came to have deeply negative overtones, while their right-hand counterparts rang of righteousness, dexterity, and correctness. To this day, radical thought was considered left wing, irrational thought was left brain, and anything evil, sinister. The days of the goddess were over. The pendulum had swung. Mother Earth had become a man’s world, and the gods of destruction and war were taking their toll. The male ego had spent two millennia running unchecked by its female counterpart. The Priory of Sion believed that it was this obliteration of the sacred feminine in modern life that had caused what the Hopi Native Americans called koyanisquatsi – â€Å"life out of balance† – an unstable situation marked by testosterone-fueled wars, a plethora of misogynistic societies, and a growing disrespect for Mother Earth. â€Å"Robert!† Sophie said, her whisper yanking him back. â€Å"Someone’s coming!† He heard the approaching footsteps out in the hallway.† Over here!† Sophie extinguished the black light and seemed to evaporate before Langdon’s eyes. For an instant he felt totally blind. Over where! As his vision cleared he saw Sophie’s silhouette racing toward the center of the room and ducking out of sight behind the octagonal viewing bench. He was about to dash after her when a booming voice stopped him cold. â€Å"Arretez!† a man commanded from the doorway. The Louvre security agent advanced through the entrance to the Salle des Etats, his pistol outstretched, taking deadly aim at Langdon’s chest. Langdon felt his arms raise instinctively for the ceiling. â€Å"Couchez-vous!† the guard commanded. â€Å"Lie down!† Langdon was face first on the floor in a matter of seconds. The guard hurried over and kicked his legs apart, spreading Langdon out. â€Å"Mauvaise idee, Monsieur Langdon,†he said, pressing the gun hard into Langdon’s back.† Mauvaise idee.† Face down on the parquet floor with his arms and legs spread wide, Langdon found little humor in the irony of his position. The Vitruvian Man, he thought. Face down. CHAPTER 29 Inside Saint-Sulpice, Silas carried the heavy iron votive candle holder from the altar back toward the obelisk. The shaft would do nicely as a battering ram. Eyeing the gray marble panel that covered the apparent hollow in the floor, he realized he could not possibly shatter the covering without making considerable noise. Iron on marble. It would echo off the vaulted ceilings. Would the nun hear him? She should be asleep by now. Even so, it was a chance Silas preferred not to take. Looking around for a cloth to wrap around the tip of the iron pole, he saw nothing except the altar’s linen mantle, which he refused to defile. My cloak, he thought. Knowing he was alone in the great church, Silas untied his cloak and slipped it off his body. As he removed it, he felt a sting as the wool fibers stuck to the fresh wounds on his back. Naked now, except for his loin swaddle, Silas wrapped his cloak over the end of the iron rod. Then, aiming at the center of the floor tile, he drove the tip into it. A muffled thud. The stone did not break. He drove the pole into it again. Again a dull thud, but this time accompanied by a crack. On the third swing, the covering finally shattered, and stone shards fell into a hollow area beneath the floor. A compartment! Quickly pulling the remaining pieces from the opening, Silas gazed into the void. His blood pounded as he knelt down before it. Raising his pale bare arm, he reached inside. At first he felt nothing. The floor of the compartment was bare, smooth stone. Then, feeling deeper, reaching his arm in under the Rose Line, he touched something! A thick stone tablet. Getting his fingers around the edge, he gripped it and gently lifted the tablet out. As he stood and examined his find, he realized he was holding a rough-hewn stone slab with engraved words. He felt for an instant like a modern-day Moses. As Silas read the words on the tablet, he felt surprise. He had expected the keystone to be a map, or a complex series of directions, perhaps even encoded. The keystone, however, bore the simplest of inscriptions. Job 38:11 A Bible verse? Silas was stunned with the devilish simplicity. The secret location of that which they sought was revealed in a Bible verse? The brotherhood stopped at nothing to mock the righteous! Job. Chapter thirty-eight. Verse eleven. Although Silas did not recall the exact contents of verse eleven by heart, he knew the Book of Job told the story of a man whose faith in God survived repeated tests. Appropriate, he thought, barely able to contain his excitement. Looking over his shoulder, he gazed down the shimmering Rose Line and couldn’t help but smile. There atop the main altar, propped open on a gilded book stand, sat an enormous leather-bound Bible. Up in the balcony, Sister Sandrine was shaking. Moments ago, she had been about to flee and carryout her orders, when the man below suddenly removed his cloak. When she saw his alabaster-white flesh, she was overcome with a horrified bewilderment. His broad, pale back was soaked with blood-red slashes. Even from here she could see the wounds were fresh. This man has been mercilessly whipped! She also saw the bloody cilice around his thigh, the wound beneath it dripping. What kind of God would want a body punished this way? The rituals of Opus Dei, Sister Sandrine knew, were not something she would ever understand. But that was hardly her concern at this instant. Opus Dei is searching for the keystone.How they knew of it, Sister Sandrine could not imagine, although she knew she did not have time to think. The bloody monk was now quietly donning his cloak again, clutching his prize as he moved toward the altar, toward the Bible. In breathless silence, Sister Sandrine left the balcony and raced down the hall to her quarters. Getting on her hands and knees, she reached beneath her wooden bed frame and retrieved the sealed envelope she had hidden there years ago. Tearing it open, she found four Paris phone numbers. Trembling, she began to dial. Downstairs, Silas laid the stone tablet on the altar and turned his eager hands to the leather Bible. His long white fingers were sweating now as he turned the pages. Flipping through the Old Testament, he found the Book of Job. He located chapter thirty-eight. As he ran his finger down the column of text, he anticipated the words he was about to read. They will lead the way! Finding verse number eleven, Silas read the text. It was only seven words. Confused, he read it again, sensing something had gone terribly wrong. The verse simply read: HITHERTO SHALT THOU COME, BUT NO FURTHER. How to cite The Da Vinci Code Chapter 24-29, Essay examples