The Scarlet Letter - Plant Imagery Essays - English-language Films

The Scarlet Letter - Plant Imagery Throughout the novel, Hawthorne uses plant imagery to symbolize both the negative and positive character traits and to set the mood of the novel. The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne takes place during the age of Puritanism in Boston where a young and attractive Puritan woman commits adultery with the Reverend Mr. Dimmesdale. Chillingworth, Hesters' husband, whom everyone thought was captured by Indians comes to town, but only Hester knows his true identity. Chillingworth vows to figure out who Hesters' lover is and he succeeds. Ultimately, this novel contains deception and guilt which is in the form of plant imagery. Hawthorne uses many different negative variations of plant imagery to illustrate his ideas. First of all, living plant life, portraying the torturing of Dimmesdale by Chillingworth, remains evident throughout the novel. For example, when Chillingworth went to the forest to gather herbs he ?dug up roots and plucked off twigs from the forest trees? (111) which symbolizes how Chillingworth was ?plucking? the life out of Dimmesdale limb by limb. Also, Hawthorne describes grass as pure and without weeds to kill the grass; however, ?when poor Mr. Dimmesdale was thinking of his grave, he questioned with himself whether the grass would ever grow on it, because an accursed thing must there be buried? (131). In addition, weeds symbolize secrecy and the impurity of society. During Chillingworth and Dimmesdale's covert discussion about ?the powers of nature call[ing] so earnestly for the confession of sin,[and discussing] that these black weeds have sprung up out of a buried heart, to make mani fest an unspoken crime? (120) illustrates the idea of weeds filling the heart with sin and guilt. Moreover, ?the black flower of civilized society? (45-46) refers to the Puritans harsh attitude towards sinners as they view Hester's punishment. Most importantly, the imagery used with leaves allows for different interpretations. ?Thou shalt forgive me! cried Hester, flinging herself on the fallen leaves beside him [Dimmesdale]? (178) illustrates that Hester begs natures' forgiveness for her sin by falling on the leaves. Similarly, Hester ?threw it [the scarlet letter] to a distance among the withered leaves,? (185) for that instant, her guilty conscience was dying along with the withering leaves. Although Hawthorne uses a great deal of negative plant imagery, the positive plant imagery balances the two. Initially, moss symbolizes the hardships that Hester and Dimmesdale have endured. Hester, ?[sitting] down on the heap of moss where she and Pearl had before been sitting? (174), shows that the moss acts as a comfort to Hester, and it is a place where she can forget her guilt. Dimmesdale and Hester, ?hand clasped in hand, on the mossy tree trunk of the fallen tree? (179) together rid themselves of their guilt for the time being. Furthermore, leaves also symbolize the positive aspects of plant imagery. Dimmesdale tells Hester that ?the forest leaves [have] risen up all made anew? (185) meaning that their guilt was forever gone, and God had forgiven them. Similarly, ?the yellow leaves will show no vestige of the white man's tread? (180-181) because they cover the trail of guilt left behind by man. Though Hawthorne places either good or bad plant images with his characters, Pearl stands as a blend of them both. Pearl possesses positive character traits exemplified by the plant imagery used. Dimmesdale perceives Pearl to be of great value because of her name and by comparing her a ?Red Rose? (101) . On the other hand, Pearl remains viewed as a demon child. For no apparent reason, Pearl ?threw one of the prickly burrs at the Reverend Mr. Dimmesdale. The sensitive clergyman shrunk, with nervous dread, from the light missile? (123). This shows Pearl's inconsideration towards others, and it also symbolizes how Dimmesdale dodged the missile filled with guilt that would have stuck to him had he not ducked. Pearl constantly reminds and tortures Hester of her mothers' sin by ?arrange[ing] them [prickly burrs] along the lines of the scarlet letter that decorated the maternal bosom?(123) Deception and guilt remained evident throughout the novel by the use of plant imagery. All of the characters related to at least one plant in the novel. For the most part, Pearl became

Medical Billing and Coding(Certified Nursing Assistant) Essay Example

Medical Billing and Coding(Certified Nursing Assistant) Essay Example Medical Billing and Coding(Certified Nursing Assistant) Essay Medical Billing and Coding(Certified Nursing Assistant) Essay When I first entered into the medical field, I became a CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant). I love doing my job because I was able to help others in need. My career that I am taking is about medical billing and coding. you can also work from the comfort of your home. Since I have a disability that prevents me from working my previous career that I was in ,after not working for quite a few years I knew I needed to find a career that I could do and work from my home. This is why I chose medical billing and coding after talking to some of my cousin who was in this field. there are several category within medical billig and coding that I will describe * The definition for Medical code is the transformation descriptions that doctors and health care facility uses to describe healthcare procedures into a numeric or alphanumeric designations. This is a code number that is use to detail the accurately description of a diagnoses (what is wrong with the patient) and the procedures that was preformed to test or to correct these diagnoses. Because medicine is not always an exact science, these codes were developed to indentify all reason a person was seeking healthcare. Coding health related data permits access to health records according to the diagnoses and procedures for use in clinical care, research, and education. Some common use of medical codes in healthcare includes:Indentifying systems that must be evaluated. It also alert other health care professionals about a life threatening allergies. * Reporting services performed for reimbursement * Helping with administrative functions such as staffing, scheduling, and adding or decreasing healthcare services * Comparing facilities and planning for new services in underserved areasMedical Coding Profession  Delivering quality healthcare depends on capturing accurate and timely medical data. Medical coding professionals fulfill this need as key players in the healthcare workplace. The medical coding professional (or coder) is esponsible for translating healthcare pro viders’ diagnostic and procedural phrases into coded form. Coding professionals do this by reviewing and analyzing health records to identify relevant diagnoses and procedures for distinct patient encounters. This translation process requires interaction with the healthcare provider to ensure terms are translated correctly. Coding professionals must possess a thorough understanding of the health record’s content in order to find information to support or provide specificity for coding. Certified medical coders are trained in the anatomy and physiology of the human body and disease processes in order to understand the etiology, pathology, symptoms, signs, diagnostic studies, treatment modalities, and prognosis of diseases and procedures to be coded. The job entails much more than simply locating diagnostic and procedural phrases in the coding manuals or with encoder software. It requires knowledge of disease processes and procedural techniques to consistently apply the correct codes. A medical coding professional works as part of a team to achieve the best quality patient careMedical coding professionals work in a variety of healthcare settings, including inpatient and outpatient healthcare settings and non-provider settings such as third-party payers and healthcare software vendorsTypical medical coding professional job descriptions include * , Hospital outpatient coder   * Hospital inpatient coder * Hospital coding manager * Professional fee coderRelated jobs, employing similar record analysis and coding skills, include: * ,p orhterHIM compliance specialistNationwide, there is a shortage of certified medical coders in hospitals, physician practices, and other healthcare facilities. According to the United States Bureau of Labor, employment of medical record and health information technicians is expected to grow much faster than the average field. Coding Classification Standards  The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) named certain types of organizations as covered entities, including health plans, healthcare clearinghouses, and certain healthcare providers. It also set the standards for the classification systems covered entities must use. Under HIPAA, covered entities must use certain codes to identify specific diagnosis and clinical procedures on claims, encounter forms, and other electronic transactions. : * International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification ICD-9-CM Volumes 1 2 (diagnosis codes) is maintained by the National Center for Health Statistics cdc. gov/nchs/icd. tm (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control (CDC) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). * International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification ICD-9-CM Volume 3 (procedure codes) is maintained by CMS * Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) (outpatient pr ocedure codes) is maintained by the American Medical Association. * Health Care Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS)- This code set, established by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), primarily represents items and supplies and non-physician services not covered by the American Medical Association CPT-4 codes. More information is available on the CMS Web site. International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) is the new diagnosis coding system developed as a replacement for ICD-9-CM, Volume 1 2. International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) is the new procedure coding system developed as a replacement for ICD-9-CM, volume 3. The compliance date for ICD-10-CM for diagnoses and ICD-10-PCS for inpatient hospital procedures is October 1, 2013. More information on ICD-10-CM/PCS. * National Drug Code (NDC)- The NDC is a code that identifies the vendor (manufacturer), product, and package size of all medications recognized by the FDA. HIPAA also names specific standards for electronic transactions. For example, submitting medical claims Transactions are electronics exchanges involving the transfer of healthcare information between two parties for specific purposes- such as a healthcare provider submitting medical claims to a health plan for payment. HIPAA adopted certain standard transactions for electronic data interchange (EDI) for the transmission of healthcare data. These transactions are: * Claims and encounter information * Payment and remittance advice * Claims status, eligibility, enrollment, and disenrollment * Referrals and authorizations * Premium paymentLearn more about how clinical classifications and clinical terminology systems work together to form the foundation of information content in the electronic health record (EHR). Clinical Terminologies and Vocabularies  Medicine’s complex language is represented in clinical terminology and vocabulary systems. Clinical terminologies represent terms related to the medical field while vocabularies are collections of terms. Both clinical terminologies and vocabularies provide a way to capture detailed data in an electronic health record (EHR). They support the transformation of paper-based to electronic records by providing a machine-readable data structure. Clinical terminologies are considered the input format while classification systems are the output format.

Analysis Assignment- Stairway to Heaven

Stairway to Heaven develops depth and emotion throughout the entire song, starting very simply and gradually delivering ore complexity and Intensity from 2:14 onwards. There Is a clear build up as the piece progresses with the addition of new Instruments (2:14), an Increase In tempo (6:44), and change in rhythm regularly from quavers in 4/4 time to semi-quavers (2:02). Although Led Zeppelin follow no particular genre of music, this spectacular piece begins as a significant contrast to their usual hard rock, blues rock, heavy metal style with an almost folk, acoustic introduction.The introduction holds one main folk riff that forms the theme of many variations to underpin the musically Ingenious entrants as the guitar solo begins at 5:55, bringing back Led Zeppelins usual heavy rock reputation. Within Victor Loppers variation of Stairway to Heaven, there is no evidence of development or emerging energy and emotion. The arrangement does however change tempo many times from = 120 to -72, yet the changes fail to match the original song in the slightest and appear stilted, almost disjointed, as they seem separated at times by a number of awkward pauses (egg 2:30). Contrasting the entire structure of the original piece, this Lopez arrangement starts heavier, with very Instrument playing, and continues on lightly only from 0:17. A more upbeat heavier variation is introduced again at 1 and then the arrangement ends the same as the beginning from 2:30. These changes differ only very slightly and are unsuccessful in involving as much variety in the different parts as the original as it engages in the overuse of repetition. Although this is understood to be an arrangement, it fails to allow the different sections of the original piece to be properly determined.At one point It even Includes a feature trumpet part at 1 (see Figure ) that does not resemble any section of the original, Figure 1: Bars 33 36 of Stairway to Heaven arranged by Victor Lopez In the writing and arranging of this piece, Victor Lopez completely disregards the genre under which the original was written by turning this version into a big brass band song with no evidence of develo pment or sensitivity to the original structure of Stairway to melody, or riff, on lead guitar. This riff repeats for the first two minutes then continues at 2:16 into a variation, swapping between this and strummed chords based around G/B, AMA and D). The guitar solo at 5:55 begins with an A minor pentatonic scale then continues in A minor diatonic. The effect of having two melodies Mommy Page on guitar and Robert Plant with voice) creates a dynamic sound Ninth some clashes adding to the unique style of the song. Within the re-creation however, Victor Lopez makes no attempt at replicating the classic opening guitar melody which is the main and most iconic part of the song. This oversight alone, takes away from the original as this riff has become the trade mark and most well known part of the original Stairway to Heaven.The introduction starts with every instrument playing and an attempted take off of the chorus, contrasting the idea of one melody growing in Led Zeppelins version. The arranged variation begins in E flat major and modulates to D major. There is no clear melody evident at all throughout the piece, as the number of instruments playing at similar volumes, makes it hard to determine. Ornamentation is also a key musical flourish in the original, that lacks in Victor Loppers version, as there is no guitar and therefore none of the brilliant guitar techniques mentioned above, to make the music come alive and become more than just notes on a page. He timbre or characteristic quality of sound displays a great difference when comparing the Jazz arrangement of Stairway to Heaven to the original. Jimmy Page manipulates his guitar as the main sound source with such brilliance, using a variety of methods such as pull offs, vibrato, hammer-ones, bends and slides (see Figure 2). Ere guitar is the central instrument and is held responsible for the individuality and lividness of the piece as it holds the majority of the melody, and in particular brings out the contrast during the bridge and solo (5:35).The entire piece depends on the guitar as it continues to play throughout the whole song and is accountable for the most complex part, portraying the creativity and ingeniousne ss of Stairway to Heaven. The use of the Maelstrom (an electronic keyboard controlling pre-recorded musical sounds) to imitate the flute, creates the darker more eerie mood and adds timbre contrast to the guitar melody. Throughout the song, to assist the development, instruments are added to the guitar at each section change, such as the Maelstrom flute (0:13), voice (0:53), bass guitar (2:14) and drums (4:18). These imbrue changes during this piece, add to the musical complexity and impressiveness Ninth the way it begins very lightly and gets gradually darker throughout, until it ends ere lightly at 7:45. Figure 2: Example pull off, vibrato, bend, hammer on and slide- Led Zeppelins Stairway to Heaven Victor Lopez arrangement includes too many instruments to portray the mood in Inch the original depicts. As it is written for darker sounding instruments such as tenor and alto saxophone, trumpet, trombone and bass, it takes away from the lighter sounding parts in the original, and so lacks contrast.This version hardly changes trumpets stop playing and the other instruments hold long notes as opposed to collectively playing the melody resulting in a lighter timbre. This section is the closest Lopez comes to conveying to the listener, the original mood and contrasts of Led Zeppelins Stairway to Heaven. There is no modification of instrumental playing evident as the manipulation of this piece la cks variety in notes or rhythm which leaves no room for individual variations of the notes or instrument playing. The original was written mainly for guitar and voice, resulting in the option for light or ark timbre. This variation however consists of lower brass instruments inevitably leading to a consistent dark timbre, revealing this pieces inability to live up to the original. hen comparing the original to the arrangement by Lopez, it is apparent that the manipulation of certain musical elements such as the structure, melody and timbre results in this piece being an entirely ineffective and unsuccessful adaptation. Robert Plant once said Its sort of a feeling of power onstage. Its really the ability to make people smile, or Just to turn them one way or another for that duration of time, ND for it to have some effect later on.

Research methods assignment Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Methods assignment - Research Paper Example Mekonnen and Harris (2006) is an empirical investigation whether â€Å"cause-related† and â€Å"affinity marketing† enhances the product’s appeal and provides product differentiation (p. 135). In particular, the study investigated whether â€Å"linking a commercial organisation’s product with a non-profit organisation enhances the product’s appeal and provides differentiation from rival offers† (Mekonnen and Harris 2006, p. 135). Mekonnen and Harris (2006, p. 135) articulated that the purpose or aim of their study is to investigate the efficacy of the premise of â€Å"affinity marketing†. The research objectives were not explicitly stated but it can be surmised that, implicitly, the research objectives covered identification of values associated with the use of affinity cards and how they affect the likelihood of donation. 2.0. Literature Review Based on a review of literature, Mekonnen and Harris (2006, p. 136) claim that â€Å"there are significant gaps in understanding consumer attitudes† towards products being sold by â€Å"cause-related marketing† and â€Å"affinity marketing†. ... 136). Mekonnen and Harris (2006, p. 135) declared their work as a challenge to the assumption â€Å"that linking a product to a non-profit organisation enhances its appeal and provides a basis for differentiation.† For Mekonnen and Harris (2005, p. 135), â€Å"the efficacy of this premise depends on the type of cause or affinity group.† Unfortunately, however, the review of literature of Mekonnen and Harris (2006) does not amount to an illustration of the â€Å"significant gaps in understanding consumers’ attitude† in the literature. It is not clear from the review of literature what the various studies have made or the findings they have reached on the relationship between â€Å"cause-related market marketing† and â€Å"affinity marketing† on one hand and product sales on the other. Perhaps there was no empirical study done at all prior on cause-oriented and affinity marketing prior to their study but this is not clear from the review of lit erature. However, because of the failure to illustrate what empirical studies have done or to explicitly clarify at least that no study has been done, the review of literature fails to identify precisely or to justify precisely the significance of the Mekonnen and Harris (2006) endeavour in the overall literature on the subject. The review of literature narrated that cause-oriented marketing has been conventionally characterised as being focused on short-term campaign initiatives (Mekonnen and Harris 2006, p. 136). It also pointed out that the affinity marketing is a sub-set of cause-related marketing (Mekonnen and Harris 2006, p. 136). However, citing the work of Berger and others in 1999, Mekonnen and Harris (2006, p. 136) clarified that â€Å"affinity marketing can

Preparing for Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Preparing for Managment - Essay Example With respect to the period of service reception, it is understandable that long term patients requires more care compared to short term patients. This means that the long term category requires correspondingly long management services in order to improve their conditions. Wolper (2010) says that from a theoretical perspective, the role of nursing managers entails coordinating employees’ efforts in the process of striving to accomplish desired objectives. In this context, the quality of goals achieved depends on the intensity and efficiency of management skills used. Consequently, healthcare managers need to acquire relevant professional skills. Acquisition of appropriate relevant skills will enhance accomplishment of healthcare objectives. Theoretical Background Practical settings within a healthcare industry require management employees to possess professional skills related to their work. These skills are largely applicable in responding to demanding situations, especially i n long term healthcare management programs like in the diabetes patient group, which is evaluated in this essay. From a theoretical perspective, existing management theories finds relevant and substantial application within the healthcare management industry. ... Arnold (2007) adds that managers will then delegate authority to subordinates charged with performance of respective duties. Finally, evaluation systems serve the purpose of evaluating productivity of individual nurses within a healthcare facility. Another appropriate management theory used within the healthcare industry is the patient-centered care approach. It has become evident that scientific management theory proves rigid and non responsive in certain circumstances. Kalunzy and Michael (2006) agree that the healthcare industry is becoming competitive, just like any other business environment. This means that executives need to customize their management strategies in order to elicit a positive response from their client population. With the increasing number of diabetes patients, it would be appropriate to utilize a patient-centered approach in addressing their needs. In this context, the patient-centered approach facilitates development of customized healthcare programs, especi ally to the long term care patients. According to Moore (2010), this approach discourages the bureaucratic relationship between top managers and employees commonly applied in scientific theories. In fact the theory emphasize on the need to perform nursing duties through collaborative means. As a manager using this theory, typical duties involves promoting collaboration and inter-relatedness between different departments in the same healthcare facility. According to Basford and Slevin (2003), this system allows nurses to provide customized and quality care services to their patients without hindrance from the rigid organizational goals. In the process, nurses

Why Portugal was the First and the Last Colony Essay Example for Free

Why Portugal was the First and the Last Colony Essay Portugal is one of the many European nations that colonized different parts of the world. Its colonies spread from Asia, Africa and Latin America. Colonization has been defined as domination of a territory by a foreign power where the dominating power subjects the subordinate nation to exploitation, denial of freedom and direct ruling. Colonizing power usually impose their policies and control of most aspects of the local people. Portuguese domination of the foreign nation can be traced way back after the end of the Portuguese recapturing period in the twelfth century. During this time they started moving to the other parts of the world, this is overseas expansion. In 1415 this European power conquered port of Cueta in the Northern part of Africa. In the subsequent years Portuguese continued moving along the coasts of Africa where they established forts, seaports, and trade posts. (Cook, S 1997) There are several reasons why Portugal became the first nation to colonize, firstly the nation has been described as the one which kicked off the age of discovery ,this was way back in the 1400s. Portuguesese were the first to explore and sail through the Atlantic ocean, this enabled them to discover so many islands which they came to colonize. This discovery was propelled by the mobility of the citizens of this country. The information they gathered from these expeditions was very vital as far as conquering other parts of the world were concerned. Explorers such Vasco da Gama and Bartolomeu Dias helped in the establishment of ports and forts along the coastal regions of the areas they passed, this spread to as far as India. These explorers were later followed by armed groups who were keen on taking regions that were rich in resources. (Field house, D (1981) Enrique, D (1981) brings out another perspective that gave Portugal an upper hand as far as colonization was concerned, this nation was the first to get important concessions from the church, this concessions recognized the ownership of the Portugal over the territory which had already been discovered and those which had not been discovered. Pope also went ahead to give Portugal the exclusive rights to take over the lands in Africa. According to Sellsrtom, T (1999) Portuguese had a mentality that they were superior to other people and they had the right to live in the tropics and help in the assimilation of people from the entire racial group and make them one big nation. As a nation they clinged to the view of magnificent future through the guidance of an aura of dominance. This partly explains why this nation was clinging to their colonies. They vehemently opposed the United Nations decolonization declaration which was passed in the early 1960s terming the idea as intelligible and can not be applicable to Portugal as a nation. Portugeese dictator Antonio Salazar was firmly opposed to this idea, he moved ahead and changed the constitution to incorporate the colonies as overseas provinces or states. These overseas provinces were taken as part of Portugal process of assimilation; they were part and parcel of this nation. She wanted them to be recognized as part of her, this was strongly opposed by other nations as it was going against the declaration of decolonization. (McQueen 1997) (United Nation 1970) Portugal only came to grant independence to the country it was dominating after much pressure from the international community. Some of the last colonies in Africa Mozambique and Angola later came to be engulfed by the war which can be partly being blamed on this extended domination. Being the first nation to colonize and the last to grant independence places this European country at a unique position as far as colonial history is concerned.

Religion And Discrimination :: essays research papers

Religion and Discrimination   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One might take the view that society should be tolerant to any religion so long as it conforms to our laws and written constitution. At first glance, this statement seems as fit an answer as possible to the question of societal limits to religious tolerance. Unofrtunately, if one were to consider the matter with more caution, one would eventually see that the statement could only be part of a greater answer. It is without a consideration of some of the elements which constitute cults, as well as other factors, that one would falter in devising a definitive answer to the question.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certain followings or ‘faiths' which claim to be religions that are prevalent today are, in actuality, forms of cults. Although most of the practices and elements common to cults are legal, they are, at best, suspect. The following should constitute the line of telerance society should not cross.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, what distinguishes cults from religions is the manner in which they operate. Cults are designed with a view of insulating the individual from the rest of society. Once a member of a cult, in most cases, the individual is removed of most (if not all) of their personal autonomy. Most decisions are made by the cult leader, access to the outside world is often denied, and all information about the outside world is distorted by the leader. These types of operations should be intolerable by society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second, there should be no tolerance for ‘religions' that espouse any form of sacrifice, be it human or animal. Although historically, these practices were more or less prevalent and accepted, there certainly is no place for them in modern times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lastly, there should be a limit of religious tolerance with regards to the manner in which some display their beliefs. Individuals in society should not be subject toa ny violence or restriction of freedom as a consequence of someone else's beliefs. There have been numerous illustrations of this in the past. Individuals have blocked abotion clinics, have participated in violent demonstrations concerning one issue or another, ad infinitum. These types of religiously-fuelled practices have no place in, and should not be tolerated, in present day society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For some, the state has been seen to usurp the place of God on occasion. The fervent belief held by Jehovah's Witnesses, in assence, acts as the basis of their religious dissent. There have been certain areas of the law, which historically, have given rise to the conflict between the Canadian legal system and Jahovah's Witnesses. As a result of this conflict, a myriad of implications have arisen.

Why Is the Initial Consultation so Important?

Word count: 1892 Why is the initial consultation so important? What factors will an ethical therapist cover at this time? In this essay I will be looking at the purpose of the initial consultation, what happens during this meeting and why it is such an important time in the client/therapist relationship. I will endeavour to cover as many of these issues as possible in order to illustrate the importance of this initial consultation and the factors that an ethically minded therapist should cover. The initial consultation†¦free or not?The initial consultation may well be the most crucial aspect of hypnotherapy, if not all therapies. Everything from the knowing the client, interpersonal dynamic to the eventual success of the therapy has a basis in this first meeting between the client and the therapist. Indeed, the client’s decision to remain engaged with the therapeutic process may be determined by factors from this early meeting. There is much controversy and debate around whether the client should be charged for the initial consultation. One thought is that charging would be unjust if the therapist cannot provide the sought therapy for one reason or another.A counter argument to this is: if there is no charge clients may take advantage of this â€Å"free† session without any intention to return. It could also be said that a â€Å"free† session acts as a lure for the client, implying they may feel obligated to enter into a contract with the hypnotherapist. In my opinion, the initial consultation is fundamental for the evaluation of the client, in order to have a clear idea of the client’s issues and needs. It would be unethical practice on the part of the therapist if this evaluation was not carried out. As long as this is explained to the client in the very first contact then it is right to charge.However I myself would prefer to offer this as a â€Å"free† consultation because I see the first session as an evaluation for both parties. It is an opportunity for the therapist to fulfil their duty of care and understand the client’s needs before undertaking any work with them. It is also an opportunity for the client to explore the possibility of undertaking a course of therapy without feeling any pressure to continue if they feel uncomfortable. I would however make this consultation session shorter than a usual session, to distinguish the difference.I would also have very clear boundaries around how a free consultation was administered. Some of the benefits of providing a free initial consultation are: †¢ Enables you to get a ‘feel’ for the client, as you will be face to face – is this someone you could work with? †¢ You can check that you do not know the client in any way or that you are not connected to them in a way that is inappropriate (Dual Relationship) †¢ You can check whether they are on any medication, particularly anti-psychotics or anti-depressants †¢ You can gain an understanding of their family history that may indicate possible areas of concern. You can assess their goal with them and determine whether it is obtainable †¢ You can arrange a contract for your therapy including costs and number of sessions before reviewing †¢ You can find out about previous therapy/counselling in the past- was it successful, are there any therapies they didn’t like? Why? You can gain an understanding of their family dynamic and living environment †¢ You can enquire as to any problems that may effect their motivation and self esteem †¢ You can assess whether you will need to run any questions by your supervisor before proceeding further †¢ Conveys professionalism in your field – which can only assist with public relations and instilling respect and trust in this therapy. †¢ May help to encourage ‘undecided’ potential clients attend as ‘what have they got to lose? †¢ Assist s with building trust and rapport, you are building a working relationship before the therapy starts in earnest. †¢ You can assess whether you have the skills to go ahead with therapy †¢ You can explain your confidentiality policy †¢ You can assess the personality of the person by using the assessment questionnaire – therefore deciding what style of screed you could use with them †¢ You can also assess modality and obtain other information that ou may need to create a personalised induction †¢ You can makes sure there is no sexual attraction between yourself and client – this would undoubtedly interfere with the therapy and would be unethical practice †¢ You can begin the process of ‘seeding’ the client for ready acceptance of future work †¢ Enables you time to seek GP approval if that is what is needed. It could be argued that the only ‘con’ that comes from offering a free initial consultation is the cost to yourself as you will have given away half an hour or so of your time for free, time that maybe could have been spent with a paying client.It is important to note that you have to be very careful as to how you advertise and conduct free initial consultations. This is due to complex legal issues relating to using free products as a sales pitch. Knowing and Informing The consultation process should be concerned with two primary aims; knowing the person and informing the person. The latter is somewhat less involved and aims to ensure that the client has a clear understanding of the therapist, the nature of hypnosis, and the guidelines within which both are framed.Clients need to know that they are dealing with a trained individual, and how that person will work with them. This means that they should know the therapist’s qualifications (and perhaps even a method of checking them, such as a telephone number or web address) and their particular philosophy or approach to therapy. So me clients may have experience of preferred or disliked therapies. The client also needs to be clear about the nature of hypnosis, what it is and what it is not, issues regarding loss of control, revealing secrets, not coming out of a trance etc.It might be useful to send such information to clients when they make their consultation appointment and then review it during the first face-to-face meeting. As explored above, meeting with the client for the first time is very much concerned with learning about them and their needs and their expectations of the possible therapy. It goes without saying that this is also a crucial time for the therapist to gather as much information to begin a successful therapeutic relationship. Information and data will usually be collected and added to a form that is generally referred to as a ‘Notation’.This will cover details such as: †¢ Full name (also name they like to be referred to) †¢ Address and contact details (including pe rmission to use these contact numbers etc) †¢ Occupation †¢ G. P. name and surgery †¢ Medical history – current Medication and health problems, addictions †¢ Relationship status †¢ Childhood – brief description eg happy, average, bad childhood †¢ Hobbies/interests †¢ Problems in work life †¢ Problems in close relationships †¢ Any previous experience of Hypnotherapy or other therapies †¢ Dislikes/fears What is the clients goal and is this a long term problem/If so what brings them to therapy now †¢ Any other issues All of the above information is required if the therapist intends to work within an ethical framework. Talking to the client face to face gives the therapist more information by observing body language for example and it is also an opportunity to begin to build trust and develop rapport but probably most importantly it is necessary to find out if the work requested is actually within the therapist’ s professional scope.Medical history and current medication will give a good indication as to whether the client can be helped in this setting. If there is any suggestion of mental illness it could be detrimental to the client to pursue this course of action and unethical for the therapist. If in doubt the therapist has a duty to seek approval from the clients GP, informing him of the intended changes the client would like to make, and the course of therapy intended. This can only take place with the clients consent and without this the therapy cannot egin and should not. The therapist has a duty of care to refuse the client and any other action would be unethical. Some times it might be necessary to refer the client on to a more relevant professional. If the client is assessed as a suitable candidate for hypnotherapy it is now important for the therapist to get to ‘know the client’ and to begin to build a working relationship based on mutual respect. Listening to the c lient, being truly present, will go a long way towards the client feeling safe and heard.Paying attention to the client’s personality is also important, and we need to try and ‘mirror’ that to a degree. For example if a client is very shy and reserved he will feel uncomfortable if the therapist acts in a flamboyant and theatrical manner. If in telling his story the client observes facial expressions and body language that seem judgemental the client is unlikely to feel positively towards the therapist. In order to build rapport we must behave in a way that facilitates the required response, alienating the client will only serve to close down the relationship before it has even started.When actively listening to the client it is important to be empathic rather than sympathetic. This is far more helpful as this helps the client to find a solution to the problem as opposed to a moment of sympathy, which the client could ordinarily get without seeking professional gu idance. During this gathering of information, the therapist is able to learn more about the client’s lifestyle, childhood, relationships, personality traits, likes and dislikes style and modality.With this knowledge the therapist can craft or adapt a screed to suit that persons preferred modality and style. In learning about the client the therapist is able to help in a much more effective way and is able to avoid any words and images that might be detrimental to the treatment. As rapport develops and more is revealed about the client, it might become necessary to change the style of a screed, but it is at least a starting point that will have more relevance, than if the therapist started with a generic script.The more personalised screed is likely to have a more positive outcome. It is also useful to find out if the client has had any experience of therapies previously and if the experience was a positive one. Find out if the client has any previous knowledge, exposure or ex pectations of hypnosis. Do they have any fears surrounding pursuing a course of hypnotherapy? Now is the time to discuss these issues and to try to allay any fears  they may have. If the client has no previous experience of Hypnotherapy, use this time to educate the client about what hypnosis is and isn’t.The therapist should end the initial consultation by summarising what was said, they should give a brief outline of the main points, issues and themes that the client has raised. This gives a complete picture of what was discussed and also it allows space to clear up any misunderstandings. Conclusion To summarise, the initial consultation is important because it gives the client and therapist chance to evaluate each other face to face and to decide whether they can realistically (and ethically) work with each other.There are many important factors that need to be given careful consideration before any therapy commences and the information gathered (and imparted) at this ti me is key to gaining the knowledge required for a successful outcome, if therapy commences. References and Bibliography Chrysalis Module 3 handout ‘The role of the Subconscious’ Karle and Boys Hypnotherapy, A Practical Handbook (2nd edn), Free Association Books (2010) Heap and Dryden, Hypnotherapy A Handbook,Open University Press (2010)

Narcotics Anonymous Essay

Specific Purpose: I will inform my audience about Narcotics Anonymous. Central Idea: Narcotics Anonymous is a worldwide self-help organization that has been around for many years and continues to impact our society. Introduction Attention Getter: Imagine 60,000 people in one city, all dealing with the same problem, addiction. According to an article written by Carter M. Yang for ABC news on March 14th of this year, there are 60, 000 people in Baltimore alone that are addicted to illicit drugs. These numbers are disheartening and unfortunate. I can relate to every one of these people struggling with substance abuse, because I am an addict. A program called Narcotics Anonymous has helped me stay clean for the last two years. Narcotics Anonymous is a worldwide self-help fellowship that has been around for many years and has an impact on our society. Preview: First, I will discuss general information about Narcotics Anonymous, then the development of Narcotics Anonymous, followed by how this organization impacts our society. I. Narcotics Anonymous is a worldwide fellowship most people are unaware exists. A. Narcotics Anonymous is a 12 step non-profit program that helps people struggling with substance abuse change their lives. 1. Meetings are the foundation of the fellowship. a. Meetings are held when addicts come together to share their experiences and troubles. b. Meetings take place in a safe environment, such as hospitals, churches, and institutions. c. According to an article from the National Center for Biotechnology Information written by William White, and Dr. John Kelly who did thorough research at a conference held on September 25, 2009, titled _How AA and NA Work: Cross-disciplinary perspectives_, three or more AA/NA meetings per week are optimal and associated with complete abstinence. c. Also stated by the same authors, even one or two meetings per week also increase the probability for long term abstinence. d. Diversity is also embraced in meetings, because although members may be different they all share a common voice. 2. Another aspect of this support group is sponsorship. Sponsorship is a personal and private relationship that varies in nature. A sponsor is a member of the fellowship, living the program of recovery, who is willing to build a special, supportive, one-on-one relationship with newer members. Sponsors can help guide other recovering addicts through times of need and give them advice on how to continue through hardships without using drugs or alcohol. Stated in the Basic Text, sponsorship is the heartbeat of the fellowship. 3. The Basic Text states that â€Å"If you want what we have to offer and are willing to make the effort to get it than you are willing to take certain steps. These are the principles that made our recovery possible.† a. This fellowship is based on 12 different steps and each one relevant in the recovery process. b. The 12 steps are a way for addicts to figure out who they are, why they are addicts, and how the 12 step fellowship can help. d. One condensable way to describe what these steps can do is stated from a website formed by members working through Narcotics Anonymous World Services, â€Å"These steps include admitting there is a problem, seeking help, developing a spiritual self, confidential self-disclosure, making amends where harm has been done, and working with other drug addicts who want to recover.† Transition: Now that I have discussed what Narcotics Anonymous is, I will give some history of Narcotics Anonymous. II. Narcotics Anonymous started as a small US organization that has grown into one of the world’s oldest and largest international programs of its type. A. Narcotics Anonymous has been around since the late 1940s and over a period of time has developed into a notorious global community. 1. It was extremely difficult for addicts to find help, especially in the 1930s and 1940s. a. Searches, harassment and incarceration were normal for addicts, and even doctors trying to help addicts at this time. b. Many soldiers came back from World War II and Vietnam (59 to 75) with addictions to habit forming drugs including alcohol, tobacco, nicotine and heroin. c. At this time in the U.S very few addicts had proven solutions until the  formation of NA. 2. Narcotics Anonymous was derived from another well know fellowship called Alcoholics Anonymous. a. The 12 steps and 12 traditions laid a foundation for the early members of NA struggling with addictive substances other than alcohol. b. Houston Montgomery, a member of AA, had a difficult time helping a man with an addiction to multiple substances. The other man could stop drinking, but was unable to stop using drugs. c. Houston thought that it was important to form a group for those with specific drug problems. 3. According to a book written by Narcotics Anonymous World Services, called _The Birth of Narcotics Anonymous_, the Narco group was created in 1947 allowing a group of addicts to meet in Lexington Kentucky. a. The Narco group was later developed into Narcotics Anonymous by a man named Jimmy K. b. The first NA meeting was in Southern California in a church basement. c. Different books and pieces of literature were published at this time. d. In the late fifties the first piece of NA literature was published in order to help addicts identify if they belonged in the program. Transition Narcotics Anonymous has had a long history, bringing me to explain how NA has an impact on today’s society. C. According to the National Institute of Drug abuse, over 600 billion dollars in spent annually in costs related to crime, lost work productivity and healthcare due to abuse of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs.  Narcotics Anonymous helps to bring these numbers down by helping those addicted. 1. The Narcotics Anonymous World Services clearly states that this program is not affiliated with other organizations including other self-help fellowships, treatment centers, or correctional facilities. a. Not only is NA a non-affiliated program but it is also fully self- supporting, declining all outside contributions. b. Narcotics Anonymous helps recovering addicts, but it does so without the need of nonmember’s money or endorsement. c. Recovering addicts donate money inside meetings in order to support rent for meeting places, literature and other expenses to keep the fellowship running. 2. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Narcotics Anonymous offers an added layer of community-level social support to help people in recovery with abstinence and other healthy lifestyle goals. a. Family relationships are reestablished once a member utilizes the fellowship and finds a new way to live. b. The official Narcotics Anonymous website states in a survey taken in 2011, 95% of NA members stated that their family relationships had drastically improved. c. These improvements in family relationships help create better home lives, communities and social atmospheres for members and nonmembers alike. 3. When those with addiction begin to follow the 12 steps, they also become better employees. a. In the same survey, 61% of NA members stated they were employed full time  and 10% employed part time and the other percent were home makers, retired, unemployed or students. b. Too many times those struggling with addiction are unemployable or unable to function in everyday society. c. Narcotics Anonymous helps people become responsible and productive members of the community and world around us. Conclusion Summary: Today, I spoke on general information about Narcotics Anonymous, the history of the fellowship, and the impact Narcotics Anonymous has on our society. Closure: After thinking about 60,000 people struggling with addiction, I can now give you a much greater and more enlightening number. According to the Faces and Voices of Recovery organization website, there is an estimated 23 million Americans that are in recovery from alcohol and other drugs. In conclusion, Narcotics Anonymous is an organization worldwide, created to help those struggling with substance abuse. This organization has been around for over 60 years, and has helped many people. Narcotics Anonymous has an impact on people everywhere by teaching addicts how to become normal, productive members of our society. Bibliography Narcotics Anonymous World Service Office,. _It works: How and Why_. 1993. 159. Print. Narcotics Anonymous World Service Office, . _Miracles Happen: The Birth of Narcotics Anonymous in Words and Pictures_. Canada: 2002. Print. Services, N. A. W. , and W. S. Office. _Narcotics anonymous_. 6th. Van Nuys: World Service Office, 2008. 17,27. print. Services, N. A. W. , and W. S. Office. _Sponsorship_. Information Packet #11. Van Nuys: World Service Office, 2005. Yang, Carter M.. â€Å"ABC News.† _Part 1: Baltimore is the U.S heroin capital_. ABC News, 14 Mar 2014. Web. 6 Apr 2014. . â€Å"Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction.† _NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse: The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction_. National Institute on Drug Abuse, n.d. Web. 6 Apr 2014. . â€Å"Trends and Statistics.† _NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse: The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction_. National Institute on Drug Abuse, n.d. Web. 6 Apr 2014. . â€Å"Narcotics Anonymous World Service.† _Information about NA: Public Relations_. Narcotics Anonymous, 01 Jan 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2014.

Cognition essays

Cognition essays When the human eye sees a word or an object, it uses a network of detectors, organized in layers, going from the least complex to the most. The bottom layer, is concerned with features, and therefore is called a feature net. These detectors range in their need for strong or weak inputs in order to make them fire. Each detector has an activation level, a response threshold, and a baseline activation level. The activation level tells us how active a specific detector is at that moment. The response threshold tells us how high the activation level must get in order to warrant a response from the detector. The baseline activation level is the detectors activation level when the detector is not receiving any inputs. If a detector is used all the time, its baseline activation level will be higher, so it will require fewer inputs in order to fire. A feature net can be used to explain object recognition also. When a person sees an object, they immediately see the object as its component shape, or geons. This means, that before our minds even register what an object is, it organizes the object by shape, and then determines what the object is. This is in itself a feature net. When we see an object as a geon, it is in its simplest form, and we continue to add features until the object is whole. Feature nets help us understand a few behaviors. First, they help explain why we recognize patterns and object very quickly, and with relatively very few inputs. Our language is also very redundant. They allow us to be able to glance at familiar letters, and fill in the rest. Therefore, we do not have to scrutinize over every word we read. The feature net also helps us recognize three-dimensional objects, and sounds. Feature nets do however have their limitations. First, we do experience some errors. Sometimes the wrong inputs get detected and we therefore recognize what we are seeing incorrectly. This system does correct itself, and usually ...

Mining Investement Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Mining Investement Analysis - Research Paper Example ii. Refined copper production differs from mine production. Mine production includes the extraction of the copper ores from the copper mines while refined copper production is derived from mine production. In simple terms, mine production is just the extraction an refined copper from underground or the surface while refined copper production involves refining of copper from the mine production. Even though there is a long standing desire to capture additional economic returns through copper products fabrications, the prospects from the copper in both the short term and medium term are not pleasing. There exists variability between the productions and selling of copper and copper alloy semi-manufacturers on a significant scale is highly constrained by factors from the demand side and the supply side. Though copper is a major input in the copper fabrication industry, copper faces little competitive advantage from sourcing copper inputs locally. This is because the price of copper is set by the international commodity exchanges and greatly varies little through out the world. If a given country produces copper, a fabricator in the same country may not have much cost advantage when buying copper in another country. In this case, the maximum cost advantage which the country (the latter) could gain is the cost of shipping the cathode copper to the fabricator in the former county. The fabrication of copper required other raw materials which may not be available in the producing country. As a general rule, the copper industry prefers to use scrap provided that there is supply of acceptability quality and 37 percent of the copper be derived from scrap metal. Many copper products are copper alloys in many countries and only a few of the other metals are required. The need to import the other metals may be a source of comparative disadvantage for some countries. In some copper producing

Conflict management in organizations Research Paper

Conflict management in organizations - Research Paper Example Attorneys attempt to reach an agreement on a lawsuit. An association of gasoline stations may attempt to reach an agreement on the price of gasoline. Negotiation is part of life (Fisher, 2011). A. Statement of Issue There are a variety of conflict management strategies which may be applied. One may try to force an individual or a group. This entails the application of authority or power to unilaterally satisfy the concerns of one of the parties involved. Accommodation is another option, completely satisfying the other party involved without fulfilling the needs of the opposing party. Avoidance tactics which are not acknowledging the conflict or the other parties involved. Compromising which entails finding a solution which is pleasing to both parties. Collaborating which is agreeing with the other party and trying to find a way for both parties to win (Wright.edu). Conflicts are usually the result of the following elements: Deficiency in communication. The direction or the quantity o f resources is not considered satisfactory. Personality clashes. Administrative problems (managementhelp.org). Conflicts may result in negative perceptions of the other party (mindtools.com). Frictions between groups or teams is natural and part of industrial relationships (Murray, 1974). In applying the Five factor Matrix of personality and the demand control matrix of the work environment as a reference point, those with more demanding employment positions were more prone to conflicts with those with less demanding employment positions (Sutin & Costa, 2010). Conflicts may occur in modern day work environments due to chronic fatigue syndrome. There is a relationship with regards... This research will begin with the statement that conflicts may be described as a disagreement or test of will between two individuals or groups with differing desires, concepts, perceptions, values, and objectives. The conflict may increase and lead to a non desired outcome or it may be peacefully resolved and lead to the desired outcome. Learning to administrate conflicts is of tantamount significance to a team or group which produces a high output. No one really looks for conflict; conflict may be an outcome of lack of communication or faulty communication between individuals or groups. With regards to desires, concepts, perceptions, values, and objectives. Conflict management is the concept which all conflicts may not come to a resolution without mediation. Administration of the conflict and the desires, concepts, and perceptions of those involved may maximize the risk of an undesired outcome. Whether we like it or not, negotiation is an everyday occurrence. One may plead with man agers for improved conditions in the workplace. One may attempt to bargain with an individual or group, for anything from a newspaper to a newspaper advertisement selling a vehicle or a home. Attorneys attempt to reach an agreement on a lawsuit. An association of gasoline stations may attempt to reach an agreement on the price of gasoline. Negotiation is part of life.  Conflicts are natural and inevitable. When teams are composed, the variations in individual power, values, perceptions, desires, and attitudes will increase the possibility of conflict.